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大型城市的人口规模随着城市面积的不断增加,机动车保有量持续上升,随之而来的机动车排放相关的环境恶化问题和交通拥堵问题尤为突出。对此本文展开了基于城市机动车污染排放控制的道路收费策略研究,建立了两类道路收费模型,排放收费模型和电子路票模型。应用双层规划理论,上层模型关注区域内的排放和出行时间。2种模型加入了区域排放量限制以及路票平衡的约束条件,分别在下层用户均衡情况下寻求最优解。结合北京城区的排放拥堵区域,应用模型进行优化决策,评价应用模型前后区域道路的排放和阻抗等相关指标变化,对两类模型的适用性和应用效果进行了探讨。研究结果表明,电子路票模型在控制区域排放和减少出行时间等指标上较为有效。
Population size in large cities With the continuous increase of urban area, the number of motor vehicles has been on the rise. The problem of environmental deterioration and traffic congestion associated with motor vehicle emissions have been particularly prominent. In this paper, we study on the road charging strategy based on urban vehicle emission control, and set up two types of road charging model, emission charging model and electronic ticket model. Applying bi-level programming theory, the upper model focuses on emissions and travel times in the area. The two models add the restriction of regional emissions and the balance of road ticket, and seek the optimal solution under the condition of lower user equilibrium respectively. Combining with the emission congestion area in Beijing urban area, the model is applied to optimize the decision-making, and the changes of road discharge and impedance before and after the application model are evaluated. The applicability and application effect of the two models are also discussed. The results show that the electronic ticket model is more effective in controlling regional emissions and reducing travel time.