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目的探讨乌鲁木齐地区腹泻病的发生频率和流行规律。方法按新疆维吾尔自治区统一监测方案,采用定点监测、疫情旬报、典型病人大便培养以及外环境定时定点采样进行分离培养。结果2007年5月1日～10月31日,通过全地区54个监测点,累计报告腹泻病患者17 699例,报告发病率为797.25/10万。从5月开始发病率逐渐上升,6月下旬至8月下旬达到高峰;发病年龄有两个高峰(0～4岁和30～39岁);以散居儿童居多;市区河坝水、自来水、公厕混合便、食品以及苍蝇中均未监测到霍乱弧菌流行菌株。结论2007年乌鲁木齐市辖区内未发生腹泻病流行或暴发疫情。通过监测点报告的腹泻病患者均为散发,人群和外环境中均未发现霍乱弧菌流行菌株,通过监测点报告的菌痢发病率与前一年同期相近。因此,本地区腹泻病疫情处于平稳状态。但提示应加强散居儿童(尤其是流动人口)腹泻病防治工作。
Objective To investigate the frequency and prevalence of diarrhea in Urumqi. Methods According to the unified monitoring plan of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, fixed-point monitoring, epidemic outbreak reporting, typical patient stool culture and external environment fixed-point sampling were used for isolation and culture. Results From May 1 to October 31, 2007, a total of 17 699 cases of diarrheal diseases were reported through 54 monitoring stations across the region, with a reported incidence of 797.25 / 100 000. From May onwards, the incidence gradually increased, reaching the peak from late June to late August; the onset age has two peaks (0-4 years old and 30-39 years old); the majority of scattered children; downtown dam water, tap water, Vibrio cholera epidemic strains were not detected in toilet mixes, foodstuffs and flies. Conclusion No epidemic or outbreak of diarrhea occurred in Urumqi city in 2007. All diarrhea patients reported through the monitoring sites were exuded, and no prevalence of V. cholerae was found in the population and in the external environment. The incidence of dysentery reported through the monitoring sites was similar to the same period of the previous year. Therefore, the epidemic situation of diarrheal disease in this area is in a steady state. However, it is suggested that prevention and treatment of diarrhea should be strengthened for diaspora (especially migrants).