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内燃机轴承广泛采用薄壁轴瓦结构。为了防止装配状态以及工作状态薄壁轴瓦对口平面处产生内凹现象,薄壁轴瓦在自由状态都具有适当的弹张量。自由弹张量太小不能满足装配状态及工作状态的要求。但是,如果自由弹张量太大,将轴瓦置于轴承座孔后,会导致产生较大的轴瓦表面切向弯曲应力,使用中很快产生轴瓦弹性消失,严重的将引起轴承的咬粘损坏。 本文论述了自由弹张量△X（见图1）对轴瓦应力的影响,推导出计算公式,并以S195柴油机连杆瓦（图2）为例,实测了自由弹张量导致的轴瓦内表面应力值。实测结果与计算值非常一致。
Internal combustion engine bearings widely used in thin-walled bush structure. In order to prevent the assembly state and the working state of the thin-walled bearing pad at the surface of the concave phenomenon, thin-walled bush in the free state has the appropriate amount of elastic tension. The free tension tensor is too small to meet the requirements of the assembly state and working state. However, if the free-play tensor is too large, placing the bearing bush in the bearing seat hole will result in a larger tangential bending stress on the surface of the bearing pad, and the elastic deformation of the bearing bush will disappear quickly, which will seriously damage the bite of the bearing. In this paper, the influence of the free spring tensor △ X (see Fig.1) on the stress of the bearing shell is discussed. The formula is deduced. Taking the S195 diesel engine connecting rod bush (Fig.2) as an example, the inner surface of the bearing bush Stress value. The measured results and calculated values are very consistent.