论文部分内容阅读
安全文化的概念是在切尔诺贝利事故后建立起来的。多年来学者们已认识到，安全行为是受一个机构的社会信仰及对安全的态度所影响的。机构的安全文化很复杂，研究起来有一定难度，但可以调查构成文化的各项准则。试用了一种书面的调查方案，来考察爱达荷国立工程研究所（ＩＮＥＬ）ＥＧ＆Ｇ爱达荷公司的安全文化，这是一家能源部（ＤＯＥ）的承包商。实施该方案时，首先是确立该机构的安全法则，然后是建立反映这些法则的各条选项，以构成调查方案。ＤＯＥ采用这一调查方案评价了ＩＮＥＬ的安全文化，对调查数据进行了统计学检验，表明该方案有良好的内在一致性。本文中的调查方案对于ＩＮＥＬ以外的机构也显示出一定价值。本文也讨论了如何进行调查，以及如何应用结果来帮助改进机构的安全文化。
The concept of safety culture was established after the Chernobyl accident. Over the years, scholars have realized that the safety behavior is influenced by the social beliefs and the security attitudes of an institution. The safety culture of the organization is complex and difficult to study. However, it is possible to investigate the guidelines that make up the culture. A written survey program was piloted to examine the safety culture at INEL EG & G Idaho, a contractor for the Department of Energy (DOE). The first step in implementing the program is to establish the institution’s safety rules and then the establishment of options that reflect these rules to form the investigation program. DOE used this survey program to evaluate INEL’s safety culture and conducted a statistical test of the survey data to show that the program has good internal consistency. The survey program in this article also shows some value to organizations outside INEL. This article also discusses how to conduct an investigation and how to apply the results to help improve the organization’s safety culture.