论文部分内容阅读
在自然界中植物雄性不育的现象是经常发现的,它是由于各种因素所引起的。在自交作物中发生雄性不育,会导致物种消亡是一种品种退化的现象。因此,对其本身后代繁育是不利的。但近二十年来研究雄性不育的结果指出,它对杂种优势利用上是具有很大的意义,并为作物育种开辟了一条新途径。雄性不育从遗传学上来分析,可以概括为两类:一类是属于细胞核的雄性不育,一类是属于细胞质的雄性不育。这两类雄性不育的遗传机制有本质上的区别,前者是由细胞核基因所控制,后者是由细胞质基因所控制。因此,两者在作物育种上的应用价值,也不相同。当前在杂种优势上利用细胞质雄性不育的占大多数作物,而利用细胞核雄性不育的,仅占极少数作物。
The phenomenon of plant male sterility in nature is often found, it is due to a variety of factors. Male sterility occurs in selfed crops, leading to species extinction is a phenomenon of degradation of varieties. Therefore, it is detrimental to its own offspring. However, the results of research on male sterility for nearly two decades indicate that it is of great significance for the utilization of heterosis and opens up a new way for crop breeding. Male sterility is genetically analyzed and can be summarized into two types: one is male sterility belonging to the nucleus and the other is male sterility belonging to the cytoplasm. The two types of male-sterile genetic mechanisms are essentially different, the former is controlled by the nuclear genes, which are controlled by the cytoplasmic genes. Therefore, the application value of the two in crop breeding is not the same. Currently, most of the crops that utilize cytoplasmic male sterility in heterosis are dominant, while those that use male sterility of the nucleus account for only a very small number of crops.