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成本效益分析是当前反对气候变化政策的主要理由，但成本效益分析本身存在着难以克服的伦理问题。基于成本效益分析的气候变化政策不仅违背分配正义的原则，忽视人权，同时还忽视程序正义的原则。因此，在制定气候变化政策时，应在伦理的基础上确定温室气体减排目标，仅仅将成本效益分析用于确定何种应对政策能够实现成本最小化。“,”By far cost-benefit analysis is most frequently used to oppose proposed climate policies. Howev-er, a host of ethical problems exist within cost arguments. Climate policies based on cost-benefit analysis will not only violate principles of distributive justice, but also ignore human rights and the requirements of procedur-al justice. Target greenhouse gas reductions should be determined on the basis of ethical considerations and cost-benefit analysis should be used to determine which policy responses will minimize costs.