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从历史唯物主义的视角来看,现代的本质不在于主体性观念的绝对统治,而在于观念和政治中获得解放的人由于资本的规定而陷入异化,实践中张扬的主体性乃是资本原则的“面相”。因此,现代性批判的任务主要不在于在观念上确立合理的原则和姿态,而是要实践地超越资本原则对存在之规定。在这种超越中,无产阶级被历史唯物主义确认为创造历史的实践主体。由于资本导致的存在异化和人类毁灭的可能性,超越资本的历史建构不仅仅是某一阶级的自我解放,而且是人类的自我“救赎”。
From the perspective of historical materialism, the essence of modernity lies not in the absolute rule of subjectivity but in the alienation of people who have been liberated in concepts and politics due to the provisions of capital. The subjectivity advocated in practice is the principle of capital “Face ”. Therefore, the task of criticizing modernity is mainly not to establish reasonable principles and attitudes in terms of concepts, but to actually surpass the provisions of the capital principle for existence. In this transcendence, the proletariat was recognized by historical materialism as the practical subject for the creation of history. Due to the alienation of capital and the possibility of human destruction, the historical construction of transcendence of capital is not merely a class self-liberation but also a human self-redemption.