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长期以来,地质学上使用的面向(face)概念多用于地层,指岩层原生的上部表面。后来这个概念被引入到构造研完,成为用来描述一个构造的方位和受这个构造影响的岩层变新方向之间相互关系的术语。构造面向可分为褶皱面向和断层面向。它们已经成为确定地层相对层序或构造研究中的一个有用的术语。褶皱面向指沿褶皱轴面垂直于褶皱轴并指向较新岩层的方向。野外观察到的褶皱可以分为面向上、面向下两大部分,还有一种即非面向上,也非面向下的特殊类型褶皱,称为面向中和褶皱(如轴面水平褶皱)。根据一个世代的褶皱构造都将面向一个相同方向的原则,可以同它来研完褶皱几何形态和区分不同期次的重褶皱。断层面向指断层面内垂直于层理迹线且指出较新岩层的方向。断层面向在构造研究中的用途很多,它可以提供构造成因的一些证据,还可以判断复杂构造中褶皱作用和断裂作用的顺序等问题。
For a long time, the concept of face used geologically has been used mostly in strata, referring to the original upper surface of a formation. Later, the concept was introduced into tectonics and became a term used to describe the interrelationship between the orientation of a tectonic formation and the direction of the formation changed by this tectonic setting. Tectonic orientations can be divided into fold-oriented and fault-oriented. They have become a useful term in the study of the relative sequence or tectonics of a formation. Fold Facing refers to the direction along the fold axis perpendicular to the fold axis and toward the newer rock formation. Folds observed in the field can be divided into upwards and downwards, and there is a special type of folds, ie, non-face-up and non-facedown, called face-centered folds (such as axial horizontal folds). According to a generation of fold structure will face a same direction, with it to study the fold geometry and distinguish between different periods of heavy fold. The fault faces in the fault plane perpendicular to the layering trace and indicates the direction of the newer rock. The fault orientation has many uses in the study of tectonics. It can provide some evidences of tectonic causes, and can also judge the order of fold action and fault action in complex structures.