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本文报道了1991-1995年在皖苏两省江滩型地区实施的血吸虫病流行因素及优化防治对策的研究。结果表明,江滩型地区传染源种类较多,在传播中的地位依次为牛、猪、人等;人群接触疫水以生产性、生活性方式为主,且因地而异,接触强度以游泳最甚;感染性钉螺分布与植被种类及人畜活动频度有关,并呈负二项分布的规律;疫区形成与滩地崩长、变迁密切相关;江滩型疫区退垦还滩后在有效监测下疫情变化不大;长江水位及降雨量是影响该类地区血吸虫病流行的重要因素。综合比较几种优化防治对策的螺、病情控制效果和费用一效果,提出在现阶段以“疾病控制”为主要目的时,江滩型流行区宜选择“人畜化疗+健康教育”的策略,在经济条件合适的地区,宜采用“人畜化疗+健康教育+滩地治理”的策略;在疫情基本控制的地区,宜采取“人畜反复查治+消灭阳性螺点”及“重点人群和耕牛化疗+健康教育+易感带灭螺+个人防护”的策略,以巩固血防成果。
This article reports the research on the epidemic factors of schistosomiasis and the optimal prevention and cure measures carried out in the riverside areas of Jiangsu and Anhui provinces from 1991 to 1995. The results showed that there were more infectious sources in the riverside area, and their status in the transmission was cattle, pigs and people. The population was exposed mainly to productive and living methods, and the contact intensity was And the most was swimming. The distribution of infectious Oncomelania snails was related to the types of vegetation and the frequency of human and animal activities, and was negative for the distribution of the two patterns. The formation of the epidemic area was closely related to the collapse and change of beach land. The epidemic did not change much under effective monitoring. The water level and rainfall in the Yangtze River are the important factors affecting the prevalence of schistosomiasis in this area. Based on a comprehensive comparison of the effects of snail, disease control and cost on the control strategies, it is suggested that the strategy of “human and animal chemotherapy + health education” should be chosen at the present time with the main purpose of “disease control” In the areas where the epidemic situation is basically controlled, it is advisable to adopt the strategy of “repeated investigation and elimination of positive points of human beings and animals” and “elimination of positive spiral points of human beings and animals” and “treatment of key populations and cattle with chemotherapy + Health Education + Susceptibility with snails + personal protection ”strategy to consolidate the blood-borne results.