针对铁磁材料构件裂纹损伤检测方法和仪器应用技术现状,建立了基于磁荷理论的V型裂纹漏磁场分析模型,得出了平板铁磁构件表面指定探测点的漏磁场理论表达式.采用MATLAB软件将所推导数学模型绘图,得出了漏磁场的法向分量Hy与裂纹开口宽度的关系曲线、漏磁场的法向分量Hy与裂纹深度的关系曲线、漏磁场的法向分量Hy与裂纹长度的关系曲线;得出裂纹漏磁场法向分量Hy过零点、漏磁场切向分量Hx出现最大值和漏磁场切向分量Hz出现裂纹端部过零点的漏磁场分布特性.根据理论分析得出的裂纹漏磁场特征,设计制作了阵列式的裂纹检测装置和试验平台,并对带有V型裂纹的铁磁构件进行检测.实验表明:理论分析得出的三维漏磁场与检测结果能够较好的吻合,并对分析预测裂纹的几何参数具有一定的参考意义,根据漏磁模型研制的检测装置能探测铁磁构件的裂纹缺陷. Aiming at the present situation of testing method and instrument application technology for crack damage of ferromagnetic materials, a leakage magnetic field analysis model of V-type crack based on magnetic charge theory was established and the theoretical expression of leakage magnetic field was given. The software deduces the mathematical model and draws the curve of the normal component of the leakage magnetic field Hy and the crack opening width. The curve of the normal component of the leakage magnetic field Hy and the crack depth, the normal component of the leakage magnetic field Hy and the crack length The results show that the normal component of the cracked magnetic field, Hy, crosses zero point, the maximum value of the tangential component Hx of the leakage magnetic field and the tangential component of the leakage magnetic field Hz, the distribution of the leakage magnetic field with the zero-crossing at the crack tip, Crack magnetic field leakage characteristics, the design of an array of crack detection devices and test platform, and with a V-shaped cracked ferromagnetic components for testing.Experiments show that: theoretical analysis of the three-dimensional leakage field and the test results can be better It is of some reference significance to analyze and predict the geometrical parameters of the crack. According to the testing device developed by the MFL model, the crack of the ferromagnetic component can be detected Depression.