β-内酰胺抗生素的开发进展很大,品种不断增多,抗菌范围扩大,疗效提高,现仅就临床疗效较高、毒性低、实用价值较大的品种,扼要分析其主要特点、以供临床参考.青霉素类抗生素一、青霉素G青霉素G(Penicillin G)应用最早、最广与最多.其抗菌作用强、疗效高、毒性低与价格廉,目前仍为不少感染的首选抗生素.其抗菌谱包括许多革蓝氏阳性球菌和杆菌、革蓝氏阴性球菌和少数革蓝氏阴性杆菌(流感杆菌和百日咳杆菌),以及各种致病性螺旋体和部分放线菌,但不包括志贺氏菌、沙门氏菌与大肠杆菌属等阴性杆菌,故不称为广谱抗生素.金黄色葡萄球菌的耐药菌株已增 β-lactam antibiotics have made great progress in the development of varieties continue to increase the scope of antibacterial expansion, efficacy increased, only for clinical efficacy, low toxicity, greater practical value of the major analysis of its main features for clinical reference Penicillin antibiotic penicillin G penicillin G (Penicillin G) the earliest and most widely used with its antibacterial effect, high efficacy, low toxicity and cheap, is still the first choice for a number of infections of antibiotics. Its antibacterial spectrum includes Many gram-positive cocci and bacilli, gram-negative cocci and a few gram-negative bacilli (influenza and Bordetella pertussis), and a variety of pathogenic spirochetes and partial actinomycetes, but does not include Shigella, Salmonella and Escherichia are negative bacilli, it is not called broad-spectrum antibiotics. Staphylococcus aureus resistant strains have been increased