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目的明确氨基甙类抗生素致聋（ＡＡＩＤ）有无遗传基础及其遗传方式。方法调查测出上海市闸北区ＡＡＩＤ的患病率并绘制谱系图。结果ＡＡＩＤ患病率为３．５／万；具有阳性家族史的ＡＡＩＤ患病率为９．７／１０万，分析其３６个家系显示，对抗生素耳毒性的敏感性全部由女性遗传；重复分析了１５个由其他学者已发表的家系也证实了这个结论。结论ＡＡＩＤ属线粒体遗传，对具有ＡＡＩＤ家族史的个体（尤其是母系亲属），应当避免使用氨基甙类抗生素。
Objective To determine the genetic basis and genetic mode of aminoglycoside-induced deafness (AAID). Methods The prevalence of AAID in Zhabei District, Shanghai was surveyed and the pedigree was drawn. Results The prevalence of AAID was 3.5 / million. The prevalence of AAID with positive family history was 9.7 / 100000. The analysis of 36 pedigrees showed that the susceptibility to antibiotic ototoxicity was all inherited by women. Repeated analysis This conclusion has been confirmed by 15 published families by other scholars. Conclusion AAID belongs to mitochondrial inheritance. Aminoglycosides should be avoided for individuals with a family history of AAID (especially maternal relatives).