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目的调查6～18岁中小学生血压和青春期发育情况,探讨性发育成熟与血压的关系。方法对北京市6个区的中小学学生采取整群随机抽样方法进行调查,测量血压,同时检测身高、体重、体质指数(BMI)、腰围及性征发育等相关指标。高血压定义为反复测量收缩压(SBP)、舒张压(DBP)或两者的结果≥第95百分位值,在第90～94百分位值之间为高血压前期,在第90百分位值以下者为正常血压。青春期性发育参照Tanner分期标准。对资料进行Partial相关分析、方差分析和多元线性回归分析。结果①参加人数19591名,有效人数18990名(96.93%),男9374名(49.4%),女9616名(50.6%),平均年龄(12.59±3.29)岁。检出高血压1690名(8.9%),高血压前期1659名(8.7%)。②Tanner分期血压百分位值显示男女血压均随着性发育成熟而增高。③总体样本中SBP及DBP与年龄、身高、体重、BMI、腰围等呈正相关,性发育成熟与SBP呈正相关。④高血压中TannerⅤ期人数所占比例高于其他各期(掊2=62.45,P﹤0.001)。结论青春期发育过程中除身高﹑体重﹑BMI﹑腰围等指标对血压有影响外,性成熟亦会对血压产生影响。高血压的发生可能与性发育成熟有关,但还需进一步在激素水平研究证实。
Objective To investigate the development of blood pressure and puberty in primary and secondary school students aged 6-18 years and to explore the relationship between sexual maturity and blood pressure. Methods A cluster random sampling method was used to investigate the blood pressure of primary and middle school students in 6 districts of Beijing. Height, weight, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference and sexual development were measured. Hypertension is defined as the result of repeated measures of systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), or both ≥ 95th percentile, prehypertension between 90th and 94th percentiles, The following sub-bit value for normal blood pressure. Adolescent sexual development according to Tanner staging criteria. Partial correlation analysis of data, analysis of variance and multiple linear regression analysis. Results ① The number of participants was 19591, with 18,990 valid persons (96.93%), 9374 males (49.6%) and 9616 females (50.6%), with an average age of (12.59 ± 3.29) years. 1690 hypertension patients (8.9%) and 1659 pre-hypertension patients (8.7%) were detected. ② Tanner staged blood pressure percentile values show that both men and women blood pressure increased as the sexual maturation. ③ The overall sample SBP and DBP and age, height, weight, BMI, waist circumference and other positive correlation, sexual maturity and SBP was positively correlated. ④The proportion of Tanner V in hypertension was higher than other phases (掊 2 = 62.45, P <0.001). Conclusion Adolescent height, weight, BMI, waist circumference and other indicators of blood pressure have an impact, the sexual maturation will also have an impact on blood pressure. Hypertension may be related to the development of sexual maturity, but further study in hormone levels confirmed.