比较 背景:用比较的方法,考察中国电大教育与高等教育自学考试的若干特点(优、弊、异、同)时,首先不能忽视这两种新型的高等教育形式得以兴起与发展的社会历史背景。有什么样的大背景,才会孕育乃至产生什么样的特点。 电大与自学考试的兴起与发展,有两大相同的背景。一是顺应着当时急迫而广泛的需求而兴起;二是依附着自上而下的各级行政网络而发展。 Comparative Background: When comparing the characteristics (advantages, disadvantages, differences, and differences) of the self-study exams of China’s RTVU and higher education by comparative method, we can not ignore the social and historical background of the rise and development of these two new types of higher education . What kind of background, what kind of characteristics will produce or even produce. The rise and development of TVU and self-study exams have two identical backgrounds. One is to emerge in response to the urgent and wide-ranging needs of the time; the other is to develop by attaching top-down administrative networks at all levels.