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目前3ИЛ、ГА3和YA3汽车发动机的气缸套均为组合式的。因为缸套内表面承受较大的磨擦力,所以采用缸套基体为СЧ24─44灰铸铁,内孔压入镍合金衬套,来保证所需要的耐磨性。镍合金是含16％Ni、8％Cu和3％Cr的以奥氏作为基体的耐磨性铸铁,价格贵,且加工困难。镍合金衬套占组合缸套成本的25～40％。此外,由于镶套增大了缸套的变形,使活塞在缸套内的工作状况恶化。 为了提高缸套制造的经济性和工艺性,可以研究采用耐磨而易加工铸铁,其缸套内
Currently 3ИЛ, ГА3 and YA3 car engine cylinder liner are combined. Because the inner surface of the cylinder liner to withstand greater friction, so the cylinder liner matrix СЧ24 ─44 gray cast iron, nickel-alloy bushing into the hole, to ensure the required wear resistance. Nickel alloys are wear-resistant cast irons with austenitic matrix containing 16% Ni, 8% Cu and 3% Cr, which are expensive and difficult to machine. Nickel alloy bushings accounted for 25 to 40% of the cost of the cylinder liner. In addition, as the liner increases the deformation of the liner, the working condition of the piston in the liner deteriorates. In order to improve the economics and craftsmanship of the cylinder liner manufacturing, it is possible to study the use of wear-resistant and easily machinable cast iron,