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The Communist Party of China (CPC) has always attached great importance to training cadres.
“After the founding of the People’s Republic of China in 1949, China was very poor, and wanted to modernize. CPC cadres needed to learn things they did not understand before,” said Yang Jiamu, associate counsel of the Cadre education Bureau under the Organization Department of the Central Committee of the CPC. “Since the implementation of the reform and opening-up policy in the late 1970s, cadres have been confronted with new situations and tasks, and they need to continue to study in order to master modern rules and meet new challenges.”
On December 18, 2002, at a national meeting on the organization work of the CPC, hu Jintao, General Secretary of CPC Central Committee, said that all CPC members should “study, study and study again.”
On December 27, 2002, members of the Political Bureau of the 16th Central Committee of the CPC engaged in their first group study session. hu said that group study should be made a routine on the long term.
As of the end of May 2012, the Political Bureau of the 16th and 17th central committees of the CPC had engaged in 77 group study sessions, and more than 100 top experts and scholars had taught at Zhongnanhai, the offices of top CPC and government leaders. The courses covered major issues in economics, politics, law, culture, society, international affairs, military and Party construction.
Nowadays, almost all local CPC committees have organized such group studies. “educating cadres is an innovative, basic and strategic project to build a high-caliber cadre force, an important way to enhance the CPC’s governing ability, and a major guarantee to push forward scientific development and promote social harmony,” said Yang.
In 2007, the 17th National Congress of the CPC called for a continuation of large-scale cadre training.
Yang said that cadre training is important and pressing. he believes China is facing a new international situation and challenges in domestic economic and social development, and the most effective way to address the new circumstances is to step up cadre training so as to enrich their knowledge and enhance their abilities.
New explorations
The CPC’s cadre training at the national level is primarily conducted by six facilities: the Party School of the CPC Central Committee and the Chinese Academy of Governance in Beijing, three executive leadership academies respectively in Shanghai, Yan’an in Shaanxi Province and Jinggangshan in Jiangxi Province, and the China Business executives Academy Dalian in Liaoning Province. Founded in 1933, the Party School of the CPC Central Committee is the Party’s top training institution. Currently, Xi Jinping, Member of the Standing Committee of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee and Vice President of China, serves as the school’s president.
Provincial and ministeriallevel officials usually undergo two months of training in political science, public management, economics and history. Young and middle-aged officials spend six months to a year at the school.
Since 1981, the school has also offered postgraduate and doctoral programs to non-cadre students. These programs focus on philosophy, economics, law, politics and the history of the CPC.
The three executive leadership academies were established in 2005 in response to a call for large-scale cadre training after the 16th National Congress of the CPC in 2002. In 2006, China Business executives Academy Dalian was established.
Each of these training institutions has its own focus. The two in Beijing specialize in Party construction and governance capability. The institute in Shanghai emphasizes innovation in reform, international affairs, human resources management and leadership methods. The academies in Jinggangshan and Yan’an, two revolutionary bases, focus on CPC revolutionary history and the national situation. The academy in Dalian mainly trains business executives working for large stateowned enterprises.
Trainees in national CPC training facilities usually come from national Party organs, state-owned enterprises and public organizations. Since the 16th National Congress of the CPC in 2002, business executives have been admitted to these training facilities.
Cadres at national training facilities are primarily selected by the Organization Department of the CPC Central Committee and its provincial and municipal counterparts.
Since last year, central government cadres at or above the rank of department head are required to take a certain number of credit hours of courses, usually 40-60 credit hours per year, at seven designated universities in Beijing, including the Party School of the Central Committee of the CPC, the Chinese Academy of Governance and such prestigious universities as Peking and Tsinghua. Cadres can decide which courses to take in which universities as long as the courses are related to their work and are in areas in which they lack knowledge.
Over the years, cadre training facilities have adjusted their curriculums and teaching methods to better meet cadres’ needs. In 2010, the General Office of the Central Committee of the CPC issued the 2010-20 cadre education and training reform outline, which stated that the basic principles of cadre education should be innovative, practical, result-driven, and oriented toward serving the people.
For instance, the academy in Jinggangshan has reformed traditional force-fed pedagogy by adding case studies and an internship-like course called “social practices.” Multimedia technology and the Internet are used in instruction.
Local orientation
In addition to national CPC training academies, many local cadre training facilities exist to train cadres at the level of county and township governments.
National Party schools have recently opened their doors to grassroots cadres. “Local cadres mainly include Party leaders, government officials and leaders of economic entities and social organizations at county, township and village levels,” said Yang.
According to Beijing-based Outlook Weekly, since October 2008, county Party secretaries have been eligible for training in national facilities. In November 2008, more than 2,000 county Party secretaries were admitted to national CPC training facilities.
In November 2011, the General Office of the Central Committee of the CPC issued a circular on strengthening and reforming local cadre education.
Local cadres work on the front lines and are executors of the Party’s policies. Accordingly, their ability and conduct are important to the overall image of cadres and the sound development of the Party and the country, said the circular.
According to the document, higher level training facilities are encouraged to recruit local trainees and make quality training resources accessible to them.
Generally, every year, local cadres at county and township governments should complete at least 100 credit hours, or 12 days of training. Other local cadres at least 40 credit hours, or five days of training.
Wang Jichuan, Party Secretary of Tianjia Village, Nanding Town, Zhangdian District of Zibo in Shandong Province, recently completed a training session in the China executive Leadership Academy Jinggangshan.
Wang and 19 other village cadres from Zhangdian District formed the first group of village cadres attending the academy.
“The stability and development of villages have a bearing on overall social stability and development. That is why village cadres were sent to the academy,” Sun Jibo, head of the Organization Department of the CPC’s Zhangdian District Committee, told Zibo Daily, a local newspaper.
Wang Yong, Secretary of the CPC Zhangdian District Committee, said that improving the qualifications of village cadres is “laying the groundwork” for the district’s future development.
Wang Jichuan felt invigorated by the training at Jinggangshan. “I was very touched by the unshakable faith of the old-generation revolutionaries and their lasting passion,” he said.
“After the founding of the People’s Republic of China in 1949, China was very poor, and wanted to modernize. CPC cadres needed to learn things they did not understand before,” said Yang Jiamu, associate counsel of the Cadre education Bureau under the Organization Department of the Central Committee of the CPC. “Since the implementation of the reform and opening-up policy in the late 1970s, cadres have been confronted with new situations and tasks, and they need to continue to study in order to master modern rules and meet new challenges.”
On December 18, 2002, at a national meeting on the organization work of the CPC, hu Jintao, General Secretary of CPC Central Committee, said that all CPC members should “study, study and study again.”
On December 27, 2002, members of the Political Bureau of the 16th Central Committee of the CPC engaged in their first group study session. hu said that group study should be made a routine on the long term.
As of the end of May 2012, the Political Bureau of the 16th and 17th central committees of the CPC had engaged in 77 group study sessions, and more than 100 top experts and scholars had taught at Zhongnanhai, the offices of top CPC and government leaders. The courses covered major issues in economics, politics, law, culture, society, international affairs, military and Party construction.
Nowadays, almost all local CPC committees have organized such group studies. “educating cadres is an innovative, basic and strategic project to build a high-caliber cadre force, an important way to enhance the CPC’s governing ability, and a major guarantee to push forward scientific development and promote social harmony,” said Yang.
In 2007, the 17th National Congress of the CPC called for a continuation of large-scale cadre training.
Yang said that cadre training is important and pressing. he believes China is facing a new international situation and challenges in domestic economic and social development, and the most effective way to address the new circumstances is to step up cadre training so as to enrich their knowledge and enhance their abilities.
New explorations
The CPC’s cadre training at the national level is primarily conducted by six facilities: the Party School of the CPC Central Committee and the Chinese Academy of Governance in Beijing, three executive leadership academies respectively in Shanghai, Yan’an in Shaanxi Province and Jinggangshan in Jiangxi Province, and the China Business executives Academy Dalian in Liaoning Province. Founded in 1933, the Party School of the CPC Central Committee is the Party’s top training institution. Currently, Xi Jinping, Member of the Standing Committee of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee and Vice President of China, serves as the school’s president.
Provincial and ministeriallevel officials usually undergo two months of training in political science, public management, economics and history. Young and middle-aged officials spend six months to a year at the school.
Since 1981, the school has also offered postgraduate and doctoral programs to non-cadre students. These programs focus on philosophy, economics, law, politics and the history of the CPC.
The three executive leadership academies were established in 2005 in response to a call for large-scale cadre training after the 16th National Congress of the CPC in 2002. In 2006, China Business executives Academy Dalian was established.
Each of these training institutions has its own focus. The two in Beijing specialize in Party construction and governance capability. The institute in Shanghai emphasizes innovation in reform, international affairs, human resources management and leadership methods. The academies in Jinggangshan and Yan’an, two revolutionary bases, focus on CPC revolutionary history and the national situation. The academy in Dalian mainly trains business executives working for large stateowned enterprises.
Trainees in national CPC training facilities usually come from national Party organs, state-owned enterprises and public organizations. Since the 16th National Congress of the CPC in 2002, business executives have been admitted to these training facilities.
Cadres at national training facilities are primarily selected by the Organization Department of the CPC Central Committee and its provincial and municipal counterparts.
Since last year, central government cadres at or above the rank of department head are required to take a certain number of credit hours of courses, usually 40-60 credit hours per year, at seven designated universities in Beijing, including the Party School of the Central Committee of the CPC, the Chinese Academy of Governance and such prestigious universities as Peking and Tsinghua. Cadres can decide which courses to take in which universities as long as the courses are related to their work and are in areas in which they lack knowledge.
Over the years, cadre training facilities have adjusted their curriculums and teaching methods to better meet cadres’ needs. In 2010, the General Office of the Central Committee of the CPC issued the 2010-20 cadre education and training reform outline, which stated that the basic principles of cadre education should be innovative, practical, result-driven, and oriented toward serving the people.
For instance, the academy in Jinggangshan has reformed traditional force-fed pedagogy by adding case studies and an internship-like course called “social practices.” Multimedia technology and the Internet are used in instruction.
Local orientation
In addition to national CPC training academies, many local cadre training facilities exist to train cadres at the level of county and township governments.
National Party schools have recently opened their doors to grassroots cadres. “Local cadres mainly include Party leaders, government officials and leaders of economic entities and social organizations at county, township and village levels,” said Yang.
According to Beijing-based Outlook Weekly, since October 2008, county Party secretaries have been eligible for training in national facilities. In November 2008, more than 2,000 county Party secretaries were admitted to national CPC training facilities.
In November 2011, the General Office of the Central Committee of the CPC issued a circular on strengthening and reforming local cadre education.
Local cadres work on the front lines and are executors of the Party’s policies. Accordingly, their ability and conduct are important to the overall image of cadres and the sound development of the Party and the country, said the circular.
According to the document, higher level training facilities are encouraged to recruit local trainees and make quality training resources accessible to them.
Generally, every year, local cadres at county and township governments should complete at least 100 credit hours, or 12 days of training. Other local cadres at least 40 credit hours, or five days of training.
Wang Jichuan, Party Secretary of Tianjia Village, Nanding Town, Zhangdian District of Zibo in Shandong Province, recently completed a training session in the China executive Leadership Academy Jinggangshan.
Wang and 19 other village cadres from Zhangdian District formed the first group of village cadres attending the academy.
“The stability and development of villages have a bearing on overall social stability and development. That is why village cadres were sent to the academy,” Sun Jibo, head of the Organization Department of the CPC’s Zhangdian District Committee, told Zibo Daily, a local newspaper.
Wang Yong, Secretary of the CPC Zhangdian District Committee, said that improving the qualifications of village cadres is “laying the groundwork” for the district’s future development.
Wang Jichuan felt invigorated by the training at Jinggangshan. “I was very touched by the unshakable faith of the old-generation revolutionaries and their lasting passion,” he said.