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机械通气(mechanical ventilation)是治疗新生儿呼吸衰竭的主要措施,随着呼吸机在新生儿重症监护病房(NICU)的普及,早产儿、极低出生体重儿的抢救成功率明显提高,但呼吸机相关性肺炎(ventilator associated pneumonia,VAP)也成为医院主要的获得性感染,是机械通气失败的主要原因之一VAP在新生儿医院内感染的比例高达6.8%~32.2%,VAP的发生延长了患儿住院时间,增加了患儿病死率和住院费用[1]。近年来国内外医学工作者对VAP的诊断标准、高危因素、预防和治疗措施作了大量研究,本文就此综述如下。
Mechanical ventilation is the primary treatment for neonatal respiratory failure. With the popularity of ventilator in neonatal intensive care unit (NICU), the success rate of rescue in preterm and very low birth weight children has been significantly improved. However, Ventilator associated pneumonia (VAP) has also become the major hospital acquired infection, which is one of the main reasons for the failure of mechanical ventilation. The incidence of VAP infection in neonates is as high as 6.8% -32.2%, and the occurrence of VAP prolongs Children hospitalized, increased mortality and hospitalization costs in children [1]. In recent years, domestic and foreign medical workers on VAP diagnostic criteria, risk factors, prevention and treatment measures have done a lot of research, this article is summarized as follows.