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视网膜色素变性患者的眼前节即结膜、角膜、前房角和虹膜无病理改变，而病理改变是在眼后部，包括晶状体、玻璃体、视网膜、脉络膜、视乳头和视神经的异常，主要的病变发生在视网膜。在早期病例中，视网膜的感光细胞发生变性和死亡，故病人表现夜盲。中心视力下降和视野缩窄。晚期病例，视网膜感觉层退变坏死，胶质细胞增生，视网膜瘢痕化，从而导致失明。视网膜色素上皮细胞继发性变性、消失，或局部增生，色素细胞迁移到赤道附近血管交叉的周围，形成骨针样色素沉着的典型眼底改变．
There are no pathological changes in the anterior segment of conjunctival, corneal, anterior chamber angle and iris in patients with retinitis pigmentosa, and the pathological changes are in the back of the eye, including abnormalities of the lens, vitreous body, retina, choroid, optic nerve and optic nerve, and major lesions In the retina. In early cases, retinal degeneration and death of photoreceptor cells, so the patient showed night blindness. Center vision loss and narrow vision. Late cases, degeneration and necrosis of the retinal sensory layer, glial cell proliferation, scarring of the retina, leading to blindness. Retinal pigment epithelial cells secondary to degeneration, disappearance, or hyperplasia, pigment cells migrate to the vicinity of the equatorial blood vessels around the formation of bone-like pigmentation typical fundus changes.