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为研究秸秆还田下硝化抑制剂的效应,本研究借助温室盆栽,设置5个处理:不施肥(CK)、传统施肥(CF)、传统施肥配施硝化抑制剂双氰胺DCD(CF+DCD)、传统施肥稻草还田(CF+S)、传统施肥稻草还田配施DCD(CF+S+DCD),探讨秸秆还田下施用DCD对水稻整个生育期土壤CH_4、N_2O和CO_2排放的影响。结果表明:整个生育期,CH_4和CO_2排放量以CF+S最高,CF+S+DCD次之,而CK最低;N_2O排放量以CF最高,CF+DCD次之,而CF+S+DCD最低。与CF和CF+S相比,施用硝化抑制剂后CH_4和N_2O减排效果显著,而CO_2减排不显著。就水稻产量、综合温室效应(GWP)、温室气体强度(GHGI)和净生态系统经济预算(NEEB)而言,秸秆还田和硝化抑制剂施用,都可显著提高水稻产量和NEEB,而降低GWP和GHGI;与CF和CF+S相比,施用硝化抑制剂后,CF+DCD和CF+S+DCD分别增产9.5%和10.0%,NEEB增加16.8%和20.1%;GWP分别降低23.7%和21.0%,GHGI降低23.7%和21.1%。可见,无论稻草还田与否,硝化抑制剂对温室气体排放及水稻产量的影响效应比较稳定。因此,稻草还田配施DCD(即CF+S+DCD处理)在保证水稻产量的基础上,显著降低稻田土壤CH_4和N_2O排放,是一种经济可行的温室气体减排措施。
In order to study the effect of nitrification inhibitor under straw returning, five treatments were set up in the greenhouse: CK, CF, conventional fertilization with nitrification inhibitor DCD (CF + DCD) (CF + S) and conventional fertilization of straw returning to field with DCD (CF + S + DCD) were conducted to study the effects of DCD application on soil CH 4, N 2 O and CO 2 emissions during the whole growth period of rice . The results showed that the highest CF + S, the second was CF + S + DCD and the second was CK, while the second was CF + DCD and the second was CF + S + DCD . Compared with CF and CF + S, the effect of CH_4 and N_2O emission reduction was significant after application of nitrification inhibitor, but CO_2 emission reduction was not significant. In terms of rice yield, comprehensive greenhouse effect (GWP), greenhouse gas intensity (GHGI) and net ecosystem economic budget (NEEB), both straw returning and nitrification inhibitor application could significantly increase rice yield and NEEB while reducing GWP And GHGI. Compared with CF and CF + S, CF + DCD and CF + S + DCD increased by 9.5% and 10.0%, NEEB increased by 16.8% and 20.1% respectively after application of nitrification inhibitor; GWP decreased by 23.7% and 21.0% %, GHGI decreased by 23.7% and 21.1%. It can be seen that the effect of nitrification inhibitors on greenhouse gas emissions and rice yield is relatively stable regardless of straw returning to the field. Therefore, the combination of straw returning with DCD (CF + S + DCD treatment) can reduce the emission of CH4 and N2O in paddy soil significantly, which is an economically feasible measure to reduce greenhouse gas emissions.