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目的:了解揭阳市2005~2007年麻疹血清学监测的状况和流行病学特点,为如期实现消除麻疹的目标,促进免疫规划工作发展提供科学依据。方法:对揭阳市2005~2007年疑似麻疹病例的流行病学和实验室血清学检测结果进行分析。结果:2005~2007年累计报告麻疹病例864例,其中实验室检测麻疹IgM抗体阳性691例,实验室确诊率为79.98%。年均发病率为1.93/10万,无死亡病例;发病最高年份是2007年,发病人数411例,年发病率为7.01/10万。病例主要以8月龄~7岁儿童为主,占71.41%;<8月龄和>15岁人群的发病呈减少趋势。全市麻疹发病呈高度散发状态。结论:未免疫和不全程免疫是麻疹发病的主要原因,控制麻疹关键在于做好麻疹的免疫接种工作和加强疫情监测,提高实验室诊断率,及时控制麻疹局部暴发疫情。
OBJECTIVE: To understand the status and epidemiological characteristics of measles serological surveillance in Jieyang from 2005 to 2007, and to provide a scientific basis for achieving the goal of eliminating measles on schedule and promoting the development of immunization programs. Methods: The epidemiological and laboratory serological test results of suspected measles cases in Jieyang from 2005 to 2007 were analyzed. Results: A total of 864 measles cases were reported from 2005 to 2007, of which 691 were positive for measles IgM antibodies in laboratory and 79.98% in laboratory. The average annual incidence was 1.93 / 100 000, no deaths; the highest incidence of the year 2007, the number of cases of 411 cases, the annual incidence rate of 7.01 / 100,000. The majority of cases were children aged from 8 months to 7 years old, accounting for 71.41%. The incidence of <8 months old and> 15 years old patients showed a decreasing trend. The city’s incidence of measles was highly distributed. Conclusion: The main reasons for the development of measles are unimmunized and incomplete immunization. The key to measles control is measles immunization and epidemic monitoring, laboratory diagnosis rate and timely control of the local outbreak of measles.