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为明确大气CO2浓度升高对外来入侵害虫西花蓟马Frankliniella occidentalis及其本地近缘种花蓟马F.intonsa的影响,利用两种CO2浓度(800μL/L vs.400!L/L)的人工气候箱研究了西花蓟马和花蓟马未成熟期的发育历期、累积存活率、单雌产卵量及净生殖率等种群参数。结果表明:在CO2浓度倍增条件下(800μL/L),西花蓟马和花蓟马的非成虫历期显著短于对照CO2浓度(400μL/L)下的种群;花蓟马的累积存活率比对照下降了26.30%(P<0.05),而西花蓟马的累积存活率与对照差异不显著;西花蓟马的单雌平均产卵量比对照组增加了4.17粒,而花蓟马的雌成虫寿命、成虫平均单雌产卵量和日均单雌产卵量分别降低了1.31 d、4.83粒和0.56粒(P<0.05)。与对照相比,高CO2浓度处理下西花蓟马种群的净生殖率(R0)、内禀增长率(rm)和周限增长率(λ)均显著增加,而平均世代周期(T)、种群加倍时间(t)均明显减少;而花蓟马则相反,其种群的R0、rm和λ均显著降低,T和t均明显长于对照(P<0.05)。在相同CO2浓度下,西花蓟马的非成虫虫态历期短于花蓟马;两种蓟马非成虫虫态的不同发育阶段存活率由高至低的顺序相同,依次为:蛹期>预蛹期>2龄若虫期>1龄若虫期。研究结果说明入侵种西花蓟马对未来高CO2浓度大气环境的适应性强于本地种花蓟马。
In order to clarify the effects of elevated atmospheric CO2 on Frankliniella occidentalis and F.intonsa, a native endemic species of F. occidentalis, the effects of CO2 concentration (800 μL / L vs.400 μL / L) The climatic chamber was used to study population parameters such as developmental duration, cumulative survival rate, fecundity per fecundity and net reproductive rate of western flower thrips and flower thrips in immature stage. The results showed that the non-adult period of western flower thrips and flower thrips was significantly shorter than that under the control CO2 concentration (400 μL / L) under the doubled CO2 concentration (800 μL / L). The cumulative survival rate of F. occidentalis (P <0.05). However, the cumulative survival rate of F. occidentalis was not significantly different from that of the control. The average number of eggs laid per female of F. occidentalis was 4.17 more than that of the control group, The average adult fecundity and average fecundity per adult decreased by 1.31 d, 4.83 and 0.56, respectively (P <0.05). Compared with the control, the net reproductive rate (R0), intrinsic rate of increase (rm) and the rate of weekly growth (λ) of F. occidentalis population increased significantly under high CO2 concentration, while the mean generation (T) The population doubling time (t) were significantly reduced; while the flower thrips on the contrary, the population of R0, rm and λ were significantly lower, T and t were significantly longer than the control (P <0.05). At the same CO2 concentration, the adult larva of F. occidentalis was shorter than that of F. occidentalis. The order of survival from two stages of development to survival was the same, as follows: pupal stage > Pre-pupal stage> 2 instar nymphs> 1 instar nymph stages. The results show that the invasive species F. occidentalis is more adaptable to the future atmospheric environment of high CO2 concentration than native species F. thrips.