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目的评价2010-2011年度季节性流行性感冒疫苗对儿童的保护效果。方法选择2010-2011年度实验室确诊流感病例为病例组,在广州市12个区(县级市)采用整群抽样的方法选取子队列,对子队列随访1年无流感样症状的儿童组成子队列组,进行病例-队列研究。利用广州市免疫规划信息管理系统采集流感疫苗接种信息,采用COX比例风险模型分析。结果广州市有308例和774例儿童分别纳入病例组与子队列组,流感疫苗接种率分别为16.9%和36.0%。6～59月龄组、6～23月龄组和24～59月龄组免疫的保护效果分别为61.9%(95%CI:48.5,71.8)、59.3%(95%CI:39.2,72.7)、66.2%(95%CI:46.0,78.8),免疫和完全免疫的保护效果均在55%以上,各年龄组完全免疫的保护效果优于部分免疫(Wald=12.042,P=0.001),但6～23月龄和24～59月龄组间的保护效果差异无统计学意义(Wald=3.784,P=0.052)。结论 2010-2011年度流感疫苗对6～59月龄的儿童具有一定的保护效果,完全免疫的保护效果优于部分免疫,建议儿童全程接种流感疫苗。
Objective To evaluate the protective effect of seasonal influenza vaccine on children in 2010-2011. Methods The laboratory-confirmed cases of influenza in 2010-2011 were selected as case group, sub-cohorts were selected by cluster sampling in 12 districts of Guangzhou (county-level cities), and sub-cohorts were followed up for one year without children with influenza-like symptoms Cohort group for case-cohort study. The immunization planning information management system of Guangzhou was used to collect influenza vaccination information, and the COX proportional hazards model was used to analyze the information. Results A total of 308 and 774 children in Guangzhou were enrolled in the case and sub-cohorts respectively. The flu vaccination rates were 16.9% and 36.0% respectively. The protective effects of immunization in 6 ~ 59 months group, 6 ~ 23 months group and 24 ~ 59 months group were 61.9% (95% CI: 48.5,71.8), 59.3% (95% CI: 39.2,72.7) 66.2% (95% CI: 46.0, 78.8). The protective effect of immunization and complete immunization was over 55%. The protective effect of complete immunity in all age groups was better than that of partial immunization (Wald = 12.042, P = 0.001) There was no significant difference in protective effect between 23-month-old and 24-59-month-old (Wald = 3.784, P = 0.052). Conclusion 2010-2011 influenza vaccine has certain protective effect on children aged 6 ~ 59 months. The effect of complete immune protection is better than that of partial immunization. It is suggested that children should be vaccinated with flu all the way.