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目的探讨吸烟饮酒与食管鳞癌年龄和性别的相关性。方法按年龄分层选择846例食管鳞癌连续进行胃镜检查,男431例,女415例。中青年组264例,老年前期组306例,老年组276例。了解一般情况、吸烟饮酒人数和量,比较性别和各年龄组中吸烟饮酒率和吸烟饮酒量,并与食管鳞癌的相关性进行分析。结果男女食管鳞癌检出率随增龄而增加。男性吸烟者食管鳞癌检出率明显高于不吸烟者,分别为11.79%(29/246)和5.95%(11/185),(P=0.039)。M-H法分层分析,调整饮酒因素,差异无统计学意义(P=0.118)。男性老年组食管鳞癌患者吸烟指数等级高于非癌者,(P=0.036)。女性饮酒者食管鳞癌检出率明显高于不饮酒者,分别为20.00%(5/25)和4.36%(17/390),(P=0.001)。女性老年组食管鳞癌患者酒精摄入总量等级高于非癌者,(P=0.042)。结论吸烟饮酒协同作用是男性食管鳞癌的危险因素,饮酒是女性食管鳞癌的危险因素,特别是老年人。
Objective To investigate the relationship between smoking and drinking and esophageal squamous cell carcinoma of the age and gender. Methods Eighty-six cases of esophageal squamous carcinoma were stratified by age. Gastroscopy was performed continuously for 431 males and 415 females. 264 cases of middle-aged group, 306 cases of pre-senile group, 276 cases of senile group. To understand the general situation, the number and amount of smoking and drinking, sex and age groups compared smoking drinking rate and smoking and drinking, and esophageal squamous cell carcinoma were analyzed. Results The detection rate of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma increased with age. The detection rate of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma in male smokers was significantly higher than that of non-smokers (11.79% (29/246) and 5.95% (11/185) respectively) (P = 0.039). M-H method stratified analysis, adjusting drinking factors, the difference was not statistically significant (P = 0.118). Smoking index was higher in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma patients than in non-cancer male patients (P = 0.036). The detection rate of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma in female drinkers was significantly higher than that in non-drinkers (20.00% (5/25) and 4.36% (17/390) respectively) (P = 0.001). The total alcohol intake of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma was higher in women than in non-cancer (P = 0.042). Conclusions The synergistic effect of smoking and drinking is a risk factor for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma in the male. Esophageal alcohol consumption is a risk factor for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma in the elderly, especially the elderly.