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通过手机和网络等联系方式的远程教育对糖尿病高危人群的作用,选取在首都医科大学附属北京朝阳医院体检中心的社区和单位体检人群中糖尿病高危人群413例作为研究对象,采用分层随机化的方法进行分组,干预组205例,对照组208例,对照组进行常规健康教育,干预组通过体检中心的医师和护士通过手机短信、彩信、建立网络糖尿病教材的方式,以远程教育的方式送达每位受试对象手中,进行为期半年的糖尿病卫生知识的相关教育,两组患者均随访2年,比较两组受试对象罹患糖尿病的比例,受试对象对糖尿病知识的知晓率及自我管理状况。结果显示,随访2年后,干预组受试对象罹患糖尿病的比例(19.51%)低于对照组(33.17%),差异有统计学意义(χ~2=9.918,P=0.002)。干预组受试对象的对糖尿病诊断标准、分型、与遗传关系、危害、并发症以及与家庭社会因素关系等基本知识的知晓率分别为73.17%、91.22%、87.32%、93.17%、65.37%和62.44%,高于干预前的18.05%、26.83%、39.02%、23.90%、27.80%和18.05%(P<0.01),饮食结构合理(90.24%)、每日有规律运动(95.12%)和定期监测血糖(90.24%)等自我管理状况优于干预前(24.88%、13.17%和15.12%)(P<0.01),对照组干预前后无明显变化(P>0.05)。远程教育方式能有效提高糖尿病高危人群的糖尿病知识知晓率及自我管理意识,从而降低糖尿病发病率,预防糖尿病的效果确切。
To investigate the effect of distance education on the high risk population of diabetes mellitus through mobile phone and internet, 413 high risk groups of diabetes mellitus in community and unit medical examination center of Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University were selected as study subjects, and stratified randomized Methods 205 cases in the intervention group and 208 cases in the control group were given routine health education. The physicians and nurses in the intervention group through the medical examination center were delivered by way of distance education through SMS, MMS and internet diabetes teaching materials In the hands of each subject, we conducted a six-month diabetes health education. Two groups of patients were followed up for 2 years. The proportion of subjects with diabetes mellitus, the rate of awareness of diabetes and self-management status . The results showed that after 2 years of follow-up, the proportion of subjects with diabetes mellitus (19.51%) in the intervention group was lower than that in the control group (33.17%) (χ ~ 2 = 9.918, P = 0.002). The awareness rates of the basic knowledge about diabetes diagnostic criteria, typing, genetic relationship, harm, complications and family social factors in intervention group were 73.17%, 91.22%, 87.32%, 93.17%, 65.37% respectively, And 62.44% respectively, higher than those of 18.05%, 26.83%, 39.02%, 23.90%, 27.80% and 18.05% (P <0.01) The self-management status such as regular monitoring of blood glucose (90.24%) was better than that before intervention (24.88%, 13.17% and 15.12%) (P <0.01), but no significant change in the control group before and after intervention (P> 0.05). Distance education can effectively improve people’s awareness of diabetes and self-management awareness of diabetes at high risk of people, thereby reducing the incidence of diabetes, the exact effect of preventing diabetes.