文化的比较可以采用类型学的态度,用一种工具语言作为一切文化比较的统一尺度。从共相的视角出发,可以把多种多样的现实文化文本看作一个有组织结构的统一系统。洛特曼希冀建构一种工具语言,力图对一切文化进行统一模式的描写。其目的就是不囿于用自己的眼光看自身文化,也不囿于用自己的眼光看他人文化,尽量避免主观性和片面性。 Cultural comparison can take the attitude of typology, using a tool language as a uniform measure of all cultural comparison. From the perspective of a commonality, a wide variety of realistic cultural texts can be viewed as a unified system of organized structures. Lotman hopes to construct a tool language that seeks to describe a unified model of all cultures. Its purpose is not only to look at one’s own culture with one’s own eyesight, but also to look at others’ culture with one’s own eyesight and try to avoid subjectivity and one-sidedness.