一、引言工程断裂力学,为研究缺陷对结构强度和安全性的影响,提供了科学方法。这里的缺陷系指广义的超标缺陷,除了狭义的焊接缺陷,如气孔、夹渣、裂纹等,还包括容器几何上的不完整性,如错边、角变形过大等;材质上的不完善性,如性能偏低。特别是韧性或韧性储 I. INTRODUCTION Engineering fracture mechanics provides a scientific method for studying the impact of defects on structural strength and safety. The defects here refer to the generalized excessive defects, except for the narrow welding defects such as porosity, slag inclusion and cracks, as well as the geometric imperfections of the containers, such as the wrong edges and excessive angular deformation; the imperfect materials Sexuality, such as low performance. Especially ductile or toughness storage