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从海洋运输走向综合物流,是国际航运企业发展的大方向,也是我国入世后航运企业迎接现实挑战,实现持续发展的必由之路。 长期以来,国际航运企业从事的都是较为单一的港到海洋运输。随着贸易交货方式和运输方式的多样化,单一的纯海洋运输已越来越不适应需求,尽管各船公司采取联盟、兼并、共用舱位等手段降低成本,但仍然挡不住利润下滑乃至亏损。于是,20世纪70～80年代,发达国家的不少先进航运企业把物流管理与实体分配结合起来,提出了综合物流的概念。20世纪80～90年代将综合物流的内涵和外延进一步扩大,包括了原材料的供应商和制成品的分销商,形成了供给链的概念,从而产生了多式联运的门到门服务,并按客户需
From maritime transport to integrated logistics is the general direction for the development of international shipping companies. It is also the only way for shipping enterprises to meet the realistic challenges and achieve sustainable development after China’s accession to the WTO. For a long time, the international shipping companies are engaged in a relatively simple port to ocean transport. With the diversification of modes of trade delivery and modes of transportation, a single pure ocean shipping has become increasingly unsuitable for the needs. Although shipping companies reduce costs through alliances, mergers and shared accommodation, they still can not stop the decline in profits or even Loss. As a result, in the 1970s and 1980s, many advanced shipping companies in developed countries combined their logistics management with physical distribution and put forward the concept of integrated logistics. In the 1980s and 1990s, the connotation and denotation of integrated logistics were further expanded, including raw material suppliers and finished product distributors, forming the concept of supply chain, resulting in multimodal door-to-door service and According to customer needs