肺炎球菌是引起儿童和成人细菌性肺炎、脑膜炎和急性中耳炎的重要病原体。婴儿、儿童、老人及脾切除患者、慢性病患者和免疫缺陷患者是这些疾病的高危人群,全球每年约有100万人死于肺炎球菌肺炎[1]。从1911年全菌疫苗问世以来,接种疫苗就成为预防肺炎球菌所致疾病最重要的手段[ Pneumococci are an important causative agent of bacterial pneumonia, meningitis and acute otitis media in children and adults. Infants, children, the elderly and splenectomized patients, people with chronic diseases and immunodeficiencies are at high risk for these diseases, and about 1 million people die from pneumococcal pneumonia each year worldwide [1]. Since the advent of whole-body vaccines in 1911, vaccination became the most important means of preventing pneumococcal disease [