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北石窟寺自北魏永平二年(509年)开凿以来,经历了1500多年的风风雨雨,在自然灾害及人为因素的影响下,现存的308个窟龛几乎均有不同程度的病害存在。岩体出现了裂隙、渗水、危岩、落砂、各种微生物的滋生等问题,窟龛内的造像及壁画出现风化、表层起甲,变色,泛碱、烟熏等多种病变。窟顶的危岩体严重威胁着文物本体和游客的安全,窟内发育的裂隙、风化及掉块严重影响着文物本体的保存。为了确切的了解北石窟寺的病害情况,笔者对北石窟寺的病害进行综合调查,希望能够为以后的保护工作提供参考。
Northern Cave Temple since the Northern Wei Yongping two years (509 years) excavation, has experienced 1500 years of ups and downs, in natural disasters and human factors, the existing 308 niches almost all have varying degrees of disease exist. There are cracks, water seepage, rock, falling sand, breeding of various microorganisms and other issues. The statues and murals in the niche appear weathered, surface carapace, discoloration, pan-alkali, smoke and other diseases. At the top of the cave, the dangerous rock mass poses a serious threat to the security of cultural relics and tourists. The fissures, weathering and falling blocks in the cave seriously affect the preservation of cultural relics. In order to get an accurate understanding of the disease in the Northern Cave Temple, I conducted a comprehensive investigation of the disease in the Northern Cave Temple, hoping to provide reference for the future protection work.