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技术溢出是经济发展中的一种现象,是经济外在性的一种体现,对技术溢出的研究最早始于1960S,技术溢出是跨国公司影响东道国企业技术水平的重要途径。而跨国公司的FDI是形成技术溢出效应的桥梁,技术溢出主要是通过前后向联系、人员流动及示范作用三个渠道完成的。同时技术溢出效应的形成又受到多种因素的制约。本文对技术溢出效应理论的研究做了综述,其中重点对跨国公司及其FDI形成技术溢出效应的途径及其制约因素进行了分析,并对技术溢出的研究方法提出了建议。
Technology spillover is a phenomenon in economic development and an embodiment of economic externalities. The research on technology spillover first began in 1960S. Technology spillover is an important way for multinational corporations to influence the technological level of host countries. FDI in MNCs is a bridge to the spillover effect of technology. The spillover of technology is mainly achieved through three channels: front-to-back contact, mobility and demonstration. At the same time, the formation of the technology spillover effect is restricted by many factors. This article summarizes the research on technology spillover effect theory, and focuses on the ways of spillover effect and the constraints of multinational corporations and their FDI, and puts forward suggestions on the research methods of technology spillovers.