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对施用化肥(化肥区)、稻鸭共作(稻鸭区)和无化肥农药(空白区)处理区中稻飞虱及其主要捕食性天敌进行了调查,并对其在稻株中的空间分布及其变化规律和生态位特征进行了分析。结果表明,化肥区、稻鸭区和空白区分别以球蛛、管巢蛛和跳蛛的空间生态位宽度为最高,均在0.80以上;稻鸭区中稻飞虱的空间生态位宽度达0.83,比空白区、化肥区分别低5.0%和5.9%;稻鸭共作使得肖蛸、瓢虫、跳蛛、隐翅虫与稻飞虱发生的空间同域性增强,相遇机率提高,一定程度上提高了对稻飞虱的潜在控制作用,但同时也降低了狼蛛、皿蛛和管巢蛛等与稻飞虱的生态位重叠,削弱了这些天敌对稻飞虱种群的控制潜能;稻鸭共作对天敌在稻株中的发生部位和同域性也具有一定的影响。稻鸭共作可能通过改变稻飞虱及其天敌类群的空间分布格局和生态位特征等影响稻飞虱种群的发生和数量消长。
The planthopper and its predatory natural enemies were investigated in the treatment areas of chemical fertilizers (fertilizer area), rice-duck co-crop (rice duck area) and non-fertilizer pesticide (blank area) treatment areas, and their space in rice plants Distribution and its variation and niche characteristics were analyzed. The results showed that the spatial niche breadths of spider, nesting spider and jumping spider were the highest in fertilizer area, rice duck area and blank area respectively, all above 0.80. The spatial niche breadth of rice planthopper in rice area was 0.83 , 5.0% and 5.9% lower than the blank area and chemical fertilizer area, respectively. The rice-duck co-operation enhanced the spatial homology of Chaetomium, ladybug, jumping spider, pest flies and planthoppers, and the probability of meeting was increased to a certain extent But also reduced the niche overlap of planthoppers and other planthoppers with planthoppers and weaken the control potential of these natural enemies to planthopper populations. Duck co-production on natural enemies in rice plant sites and also have a certain influence. Rice-duck co-production may affect the occurrence and quantitative decline of planthopper population by changing the spatial distribution pattern and niche characteristics of planthoppers and their natural enemy populations.