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英语定语从句中关系代词、关系副词基本用法除了按who,which,that等划分学习以外,还可以按下表分类学习,而且更加便于理解:
请注意,定语从句是不完整的句子,关系代词、关系副词代替的是句子中所缺少的成分。所以,判断正确关系词的思路为:
确定定语从句的范围
↓
分析定语从句所缺少的成分
↓
分析所缺成分作主语、宾语、状语等
↓
如为主语或宾语,再分析是代指人还是代指物
如做状语,再分析指时间、地点、方式或原因等
↓
套用以上表格和其它规则填入正确的关系代词或关系副词。
如:
例1:Adoctorisaperson___looksafterpeople’shealth.
定语从句的范围:____looksafterpeople’shealth.
定语从句所缺成分:___所空缺的词做定语从句的主语
此定语从句所缺主语代指人doctor
再套用以上表格,可知此空应填:who/that
例2:Shegotacomputer___herparentsboughtforher.
定语从句的范围:___herparentsboughtforher.
定语从句所缺成分:___herparentsbought(acomputer)forher.
____所空缺的词acomputer做定语从句中bought的宾语
此定语从句所缺宾语代指物computer
再套用以上表格,可知此空应填:which/that或X
例3:Thisisthefactory____wevisitedlastyear.
定语从句的范围:____wevisitedlastyear.
定语从句所缺成分:___wevisited(thefactory)lastyear.
____所空缺的词thefactory做定语从
句中visited的宾语
此定语从句所缺宾语代指物thefactory
再套用以上表格,可知此空应填:which/that或X
例4:Thisisthefactory___weworkedlastyear.
定语从句的范围:____weworkedlastyear.
定语从句所缺成分:___weworked(inthefactory)lastyear.
____所空缺的词inthefactory做定语
从句的状语
此定语从句所缺状语代指地点。
再套用以上表格,可知此空应填:此空应填where。
例5:Istillremembertheyear______yougraduatedfromNo.1
MiddleSchool.
定语从句的范围:___yougraduatedfromNo.1MiddleSchool.
定语从句所缺成分:___yougraduatedfromNo.1MiddleSchool(thatyear).
____所空缺的词thatyear做定语从句中做时间状语。
再套用以上表格,可知此空应填:when。
例6:Istillremembertheyear_____wespenttogetherinNo.1MiddleSchool.
定语从句的范围:___wespenttogetherinNo.1MiddleSchool.
定语从句所缺成分:___wespent(thatyear)togetherinNo.1MiddleSchool.___所空缺的词thatyear做定语从句中spent的宾语。
此空缺的thatyear做宾语且属于“物”的范围,再套用以上表格,可知此空应填:which,that或X。
例7:Wedon’tknowthereason___hewaslateforschool.
定语从句的范围:___hewaslateforschool.
定语从句所缺成分:___hewaslateforschool(forthatreason).
____所空缺的词forthatreason在定语从句中做原因状语。
再套用以上表格,可知此空应填:why。
例8:Wecan’tacceptthereason________hegaveforhisbeinglateforschool.
定语从句的范围:___hegaveforhisbeinglateforschool.
定语从句所缺成分:___hegave(thereason)forhisbeinglateforschool.
____所空缺的词thereason在定语从句中做gave的宾语。
此空缺的thereason做宾语且属于“物”的范围,再套用以上表格,可知此空应填:which,that或X。
例9:Idon’tliketheway___hetalkswithhisparents.
定语从句的范围:___hetalkswithhisparents
定语从句所缺成分:___hetalkswithhisparents(inthatway).
____所空缺的词inthatway在定语从句
中做方式状语。
再套用以上表格,可知此空应填:that/inwhich/X
例10:Idon’tliketheway____hetaughtustodotheexperiment.
定语从句的范围:____hetaughtustodotheexperiment.
定语从句所缺成分:____hetaughtus(theway)todotheexperi
ment.
____所空缺的词theway在定语从句中做taught的宾语。
此空缺的theway做宾语且属于“物”的范围,再套用以上表格,可知此空应填:which,that或X。
注:定语从句中语法规则还有很多,以上是一些基本规则,实际运用中还要结合其它规则全面考虑,再最终决定关系代词和关系副词的选择。
请注意,定语从句是不完整的句子,关系代词、关系副词代替的是句子中所缺少的成分。所以,判断正确关系词的思路为:
确定定语从句的范围
↓
分析定语从句所缺少的成分
↓
分析所缺成分作主语、宾语、状语等
↓
如为主语或宾语,再分析是代指人还是代指物
如做状语,再分析指时间、地点、方式或原因等
↓
套用以上表格和其它规则填入正确的关系代词或关系副词。
如:
例1:Adoctorisaperson___looksafterpeople’shealth.
定语从句的范围:____looksafterpeople’shealth.
定语从句所缺成分:___所空缺的词做定语从句的主语
此定语从句所缺主语代指人doctor
再套用以上表格,可知此空应填:who/that
例2:Shegotacomputer___herparentsboughtforher.
定语从句的范围:___herparentsboughtforher.
定语从句所缺成分:___herparentsbought(acomputer)forher.
____所空缺的词acomputer做定语从句中bought的宾语
此定语从句所缺宾语代指物computer
再套用以上表格,可知此空应填:which/that或X
例3:Thisisthefactory____wevisitedlastyear.
定语从句的范围:____wevisitedlastyear.
定语从句所缺成分:___wevisited(thefactory)lastyear.
____所空缺的词thefactory做定语从
句中visited的宾语
此定语从句所缺宾语代指物thefactory
再套用以上表格,可知此空应填:which/that或X
例4:Thisisthefactory___weworkedlastyear.
定语从句的范围:____weworkedlastyear.
定语从句所缺成分:___weworked(inthefactory)lastyear.
____所空缺的词inthefactory做定语
从句的状语
此定语从句所缺状语代指地点。
再套用以上表格,可知此空应填:此空应填where。
例5:Istillremembertheyear______yougraduatedfromNo.1
MiddleSchool.
定语从句的范围:___yougraduatedfromNo.1MiddleSchool.
定语从句所缺成分:___yougraduatedfromNo.1MiddleSchool(thatyear).
____所空缺的词thatyear做定语从句中做时间状语。
再套用以上表格,可知此空应填:when。
例6:Istillremembertheyear_____wespenttogetherinNo.1MiddleSchool.
定语从句的范围:___wespenttogetherinNo.1MiddleSchool.
定语从句所缺成分:___wespent(thatyear)togetherinNo.1MiddleSchool.___所空缺的词thatyear做定语从句中spent的宾语。
此空缺的thatyear做宾语且属于“物”的范围,再套用以上表格,可知此空应填:which,that或X。
例7:Wedon’tknowthereason___hewaslateforschool.
定语从句的范围:___hewaslateforschool.
定语从句所缺成分:___hewaslateforschool(forthatreason).
____所空缺的词forthatreason在定语从句中做原因状语。
再套用以上表格,可知此空应填:why。
例8:Wecan’tacceptthereason________hegaveforhisbeinglateforschool.
定语从句的范围:___hegaveforhisbeinglateforschool.
定语从句所缺成分:___hegave(thereason)forhisbeinglateforschool.
____所空缺的词thereason在定语从句中做gave的宾语。
此空缺的thereason做宾语且属于“物”的范围,再套用以上表格,可知此空应填:which,that或X。
例9:Idon’tliketheway___hetalkswithhisparents.
定语从句的范围:___hetalkswithhisparents
定语从句所缺成分:___hetalkswithhisparents(inthatway).
____所空缺的词inthatway在定语从句
中做方式状语。
再套用以上表格,可知此空应填:that/inwhich/X
例10:Idon’tliketheway____hetaughtustodotheexperiment.
定语从句的范围:____hetaughtustodotheexperiment.
定语从句所缺成分:____hetaughtus(theway)todotheexperi
ment.
____所空缺的词theway在定语从句中做taught的宾语。
此空缺的theway做宾语且属于“物”的范围,再套用以上表格,可知此空应填:which,that或X。
注:定语从句中语法规则还有很多,以上是一些基本规则,实际运用中还要结合其它规则全面考虑,再最终决定关系代词和关系副词的选择。