伤寒是常见于夏秋季节的肠道传染病。典型病例诊断并不困难。但由于普遍预防接种、卫生条件改善,已少见流行而多终年散发;并常因发病初期抗菌素的应用或致病菌本身的变异,使临床表现有所改变,导致诊断困难。本病虽有特异诊断,但误诊率可达54～59.4%,甚至延误治疗,招致严重后果。因此对本病有必要加以复习,提高认识,以确保本病防治工作的顺利进行。 Typhoid fever is a common intestinal infectious disease in summer and autumn. Typical case diagnosis is not difficult. However, due to universal vaccination, the improvement of sanitary conditions, has been rare and distributed throughout the year; and often due to the early application of antibiotics or pathogenic bacteria mutation, the clinical manifestations have changed, leading to difficult diagnosis. Although the disease has a specific diagnosis, but the misdiagnosis rate of 54 to 59.4%, or even delay treatment, leading to serious consequences. Therefore, the disease is necessary to review and raise awareness to ensure the smooth progress of prevention and treatment of this disease.