目的　了解农村小学生行为问题流行情况及其危险因素。方法　采用整群抽样的方法 ,应用Rutter儿童行为量表 ,通过Lo gistic回归分析 ,计算行为问题发生率及其危险因素。结果　行为问题总检出率为 1 4 .0 2 % ,男生高于女生 ;男性、父亲外出、母亲外出等因素对儿童行为的影响有显著性。其OR值分别是 2 .0 76、2 .1 35、2 .41 7,其中男性和父亲外出之间 ,男性和母亲外出之间具有协同交互作用。结论　农村儿童的行为问题发生率较高 ,男性、父母亲外出工作等因素不利于儿童行为的发展 Objective To understand the prevalence of behavioral problems among rural pupils and their risk factors. Methods Using cluster sampling method, Rutter children behavior scale was used to calculate the incidence of behavioral problems and its risk factors by Lo gistic regression analysis. Results The total detection rate of behavioral problems was 14.02%, and the male students were higher than those of the female students. The factors such as male, father’s going out and mother’s going out had significant effects on children’s behavior. The ORs of the two groups were respectively 2.076,2. 35,2.41 7, in which there was a synergistic interaction between males and females going out and between males and females going out. Conclusions The incidence of behavior problems among rural children is high, and factors such as male and parents’ out-going work are not conducive to the development of children’s behavior