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本文主要介绍美国陆军工程师兵团在高水头船闸水力学设计方面的主要经验。该团自五十年代开始,在哥伦比亚—斯内克河上以及其他一些河流上已修建了十多座水头超过90英尺(27.4米)的高水头船闸。到七十年代中期才较好地解决了高水头船闸水力学设计中的两个主要问题:采用底部纵向廊道等惯性充泄水系统,使船闸闸室内的充泄水即快又安全;采用负压通气,成功地解决了充泄水阀门后廊道段的气蚀问题。
This article describes the major experience of the US Army Corps of Engineers in hydraulics design of high head locks. Since the 1950s, the regiment has constructed more than a dozen high-head locks of more than 90 feet (27.4 meters) in water on the Columbia-Sneek River and other rivers. By the middle of the seventies, the two major problems in the hydraulics design of high-head locks were solved well: the inertial charging and discharging system such as the longitudinal gallery at the bottom was adopted to make the filling and discharging of the lock in the lock chamber fast and safe; Negative pressure ventilation, successfully solved the valve filling the corridor cavitation problems.