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利用双比重计、针孔、碎块、孔隙水可溶盐阳离子和原土交换性钠百分比5种试验方法对南坪水库土样进行了分散性鉴定,进一步结合物理化学性质和矿物成分分析,研究了土料的分散机理及原因。试验结果表明:K16和K19属于非分散性土,而K30和Z10属于分散性土。碱性环境下,蒙脱石和钠离子较多是土壤产生分散性的主要原因;土壤的颗粒组成是土壤产生分散的另一个主要原因。黏粒,尤其是胶粒的胶结作用,对土料的结构稳定性具有重要作用。土料的易溶盐中钙离子较多和有机质含量较高能有效抑制土料的分散性,掺入消石灰能有效改善土料的分散性。
Five kinds of test methods were used to identify the soil samples of Nanping Reservoir. The physical and chemical properties and mineral composition of the samples were further analyzed. The dispersion mechanism and reason of soil material were studied. The test results show that: K16 and K19 belong to non-dispersive soil, while K30 and Z10 belong to disperse soil. Alkaline environment, montmorillonite and sodium ions are the main reasons for soil dispersibility; soil particle composition is another major reason for soil dispersion. Clay particles, especially the cementing effect of colloids, have an important effect on the structural stability of the material. Soil soluble salt more calcium ions and higher organic matter content can effectively inhibit the dispersion of soil, mixed with slaked lime can effectively improve the dispersion of soil material.