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以晋豆23栽培大豆(Glycine max)为母本、灰布支黑豆(ZDD2315,半野生大豆)为父本衍生出447个RIL群体,通过构建SSR遗传图谱及利用混合线性模型分析方法,对2年大豆小区产量及主要植物学性状进行QTL定位,并作加性效应、加性×加性上位互作效应及环境互作效应分析。结果显示,共检测到12个与小区产量、单株粒重、单株茎重、单株粒茎比、有效分枝、主茎节数、株高和结荚高度相关的QTL,分别位于A1、A2、H_1、I、J_2和M连锁群上。其中小区产量、株高、单株粒重、有效分枝和主茎节数均表现为遗传正效应,即增加其性状的等位基因来源于母本晋豆23。同时,检测到11对影响小区产量、单株粒重、单株茎重、株高和结荚高度的加性×加性上位互作效应及环境互作效应的QTL,发现22个QTL与环境存在互作。实验结果表明,上位效应和QE互作效应对大豆小区产量及主要农艺性状的遗传影响很大。进行大豆分子标记辅助育种时,既要考虑效应起主要作用的QTL,又要注重上位性QTL,这样有利于性状的稳定表达和遗传。
A total of 447 RILs were derived from a population of Glycine max and female ZDD2315 and semi-wild Soybean. By constructing a SSR genetic map and using a hybrid linear model, Annual soybean yield and major botanical traits for QTL mapping, and for additive effects, additive × additive superior interaction and environmental effects of environmental effects analysis. The results showed that a total of 12 QTLs were detected which were highly correlated with yield, grain weight per plant, stem weight per plant, grain-stem weight per plant, effective branches, stem number, plant height and pod height, , A2, H_1, I, J_2 and M linkage group. Among them, the yield, plant height, grain weight per plant, effective branches and the number of main stems showed positive genetic effects, that is, alleles that increased their traits originated from the female parent Jin Dou 23. At the same time, we detected 11 QTLs that affected the up-position interaction effect and environmental interaction effect on the yield, grain weight per plant, stem weight per plant, plant height and pod height, and found 22 QTLs There is interaction. The experimental results show that the epistatic effect and QE interaction have a great influence on the yield and major agronomic characters of soybean. Soybean molecular marker-assisted breeding, it is necessary to consider the effect of QTL play a major role, but also pay attention to epistatic QTL, which is conducive to the stable expression and genetic traits.