引言:法国年鉴学派的代表人物布罗代尔在其名著《15至18世纪的物质文明、经济和资本主义》中写道:“欧洲和别处一样,城市在创立和成长过程中都遇到同一个问题:城乡分工。这一分工从未得到明确的确定,始终下不了一个定义。……沙漏可以翻个儿:城市使乡村城市化,乡村也使城市乡村化。……事实上,城市和乡村从来不会像水和油一样截然分开:同时兼有分离和靠拢,分割和集合。更何况,直到十八世纪,甚至大城市里也保留某些农村生产活 Introduction: Braudel, the representative of the French Almanac School, writes in his famous book ”Material Civilization, Economy and Capitalism from the 15th to the 18th Century“: ”Europe, like everywhere else, encountered during its creation and growth The same problem: the division of labor between urban and rural areas, a division of labor that has never been clearly defined and never can be defined ... Hourglass can be overturned: urbanization of rural areas and urbanization of urban areas ... In fact, cities and The countryside was never as sharply separated as water and oil: at the same time separate and move together, divide and assemble, and not to mention retaining some rural productive activity until the eighteenth century and even in large cities