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植物体细胞触合现象,最早由古斯特在1909年发现,到1960年,科金(英)首次发现纤维素酶可溶解细胞壁,并以酶法获得蕃茄幼根的原生质体,植物体细胞原生质体的融合研究有了新的进展。1972年,卡尔逊(美)等人首先用不同种烟草叶片原生质体,育成了种间体细胞杂种植株。目前已对二十余种作物二十多个组合进行细胞融合,获得了细胞分裂、细胞团或愈伤组织。并使不同科作物(大豆—大麦)的原生质体融合产生了细胞团。现将体细胞杂交的方法、步骤介绍如下。
Plant somatic cell contact phenomenon was first discovered by Gust in 1909. By 1960, Coking (England) first discovered that cellulase can dissolve the cell wall and enzymatically obtained the protoplasts of tomato radicles. The plant somatic cells Protoplast fusion research has made new progress. In 1972, Carlson (USA) et al. First used different types of tobacco leaf protoplasts, breeding interspecific somatic hybrid plants. At present, more than 20 combinations of more than 20 kinds of crops have been subjected to cell fusion to obtain cell division, cell mass or callus. The protoplasts from different plants (soybean-barley) were fused to produce cell clusters. Now somatic hybridization methods, steps are described below.