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利用中国科学院珠穆朗玛大气与环境综合观测站(下称珠峰站)的观测资料,初步分析了2008-2011年珠穆朗玛峰北坡气温、降水、水面蒸发和土壤温湿度等水文和气象要素的变化特征,并以2010年绒布河实测流量为例,分析了气温和降水变化对径流的影响。结果表明,2008-2011年珠峰站的年平均气温为4.3℃,冬半年气温日较差大于夏半年;年降水量为203.4m且集中在7、8月,年际变化较大;水面蒸发为2 459mm,夏季高于冬季,6月最大;绒布河流量在整个消融期(4-10月)受气温影响显著,无降水日气温与流量之间有较好的正相关关系,反映了气温对冰川消融的影响;降水事件当日对应的径流减少,特别是10mm以下的降水量与当日流量呈负相关关系,这与冰川区降水常伴随降温,又主要为固态,进而对冰川消融和径流有抑制作用有关。
Based on the observations of the Mount Qomolangma Comprehensive Atmospheric and Atmospheric Observatory (Chinese Academy of Sciences) at the Everest Station, the characteristics of hydrological and meteorological elements such as temperature, precipitation, surface evaporation and soil temperature and humidity in the northern slope of Everest from 2008 to 2011 were analyzed preliminarily Taking the actual measured velvet flow in 2010 as an example, the influence of temperature and precipitation on runoff is analyzed. The results show that the annual average temperature of Mount Everest is 4.3 ℃ in 2008-2011, and the daily temperature difference in winter is greater than that in summer. The annual precipitation is 203.4m and concentrated in July and August, Which was higher than that in winter and reached the maximum in June. Flannel flow was significantly affected by temperature during the ablation period (April-October), and there was a positive correlation between temperature and flow without precipitation, reflecting the relationship between temperature The corresponding runoff decreases on the day of precipitation, especially the precipitation below 10mm is negatively correlated with the daily flow rate, which is often accompanied by the decrease of precipitation in the glacier region, and is mainly in the solid state, which further affects the glacier ablation and runoff Inhibition related.