康德在《判断力批判》中以隐喻的方式提出了两种国家政治模式,即机械模式和有机体模式,这种隐喻并非单纯着眼于修辞学上的效果,而是着眼于其哲学上的造型功能,甚至是哲学思考和言说的本质。后世哲学中的“概念隐喻”在康德这里得到了广泛的应用,以帮助建构他自己全新的哲学思考。类比思维不只是达到语言效果的一种辅助手段,而且是正规的哲学思维方式,它表达的是无法用逻辑规则来限定的哲学思想。图型法和象征论在康德那里是把概念和直观联结起来的两种不同的方式,虽然后者被当作前者的补充,为的是在涉及理性概念(理念)时补知性范畴(概念)的图型之不足,但它本身也成为建构一个超越于认识论之上的哲学领域(实践哲学和美学及目的论)所必不可少的枢纽,它在理知世界的原则无法使自己显现为直观的情况下,以现象上可了解的方式得到了描述。类比法在《纯粹理性批判》中已被采用了;在《实践理性批判》中则以类比的“模型”代替了“图型”的作用;而在《判断力批判》中,有机体和自组织的概念为政治哲学中的那些理念提供了实在性的证据和理论的支持。康德在自然机械产物、人工制品(艺术品)和有机体之间所做的区别使政治实体在等级上凌驾于自然物之上,并通过将有机生命的合目的性原理转用于政治体制方面,而论证了民主共和体制对于专制独裁体制的优越性,而这种优越性并不在于那种外在表面的政治形式,而在于内在的精神实质。康德的身体政治学也不同于古代由一部分(头脑或心灵)支配其他部分(肢体)的身体政治学,而是主张每个平等的成员都先于国家,而国家同时也先于每个成员,它既不是回归古代的整体主义,也不是后现代的极端自由主义和个体主义,而是指向现代共和主义的进步方向的。 Kant put forward two kinds of national political modes metaphorically in the “Critique of Judgment”: the mechanical mode and the organism mode. This kind of metaphor is not just a rhetorical effect but a philosophical modeling function , And even the essence of philosophical thinking and speech. The “metaphor of concept” in later philosophy is widely used here in Kant to help construct his own new philosophical thinking. Analogical thinking is not only an adjunct to achieving linguistic effects, but also a formal philosophical way of thinking, which expresses philosophical ideas that can not be defined by logical rules. The Schema method and the symbolism in Kant are two different ways of linking concepts and intuitions, though the latter is used as a complement to the former in order to make up for intellectual categories (concepts) when referring to rational concepts (concepts) But it is also itself an essential hub for the construction of a philosophical field (practical philosophy and aesthetics and teleology) that goes beyond epistemology and whose principles of knowing the world can not make itself visible In the case, it is described in a way that is phenomenologically understandable. Analogy has been adopted in “Critique of Pure Reason”; in the “Critique of Practical Reason”, the role of “Schema” has been replaced by the analogy of “Model”; and in “Critique of Judgment” The notion of organism and self-organization provides substantial evidence and theoretical support for those ideas in political philosophy. Kant’s distinction between natural mechanical products, artifacts (works of art) and organisms makes the political entity above the natural objects on a level and transforms the purposive principle of organic life into the political system, and The superiority of the democratic republican system to the dictatorial and authoritarian system is demonstrated. This superiority does not lie in the outward appearance of the political form, but in the inner spiritual substance. Kant’s body politics differs from the ancient body politics of other parts (limbs) dominated by the ancient (mind or mind), but advocates that every equal member precedes the state, while the state also precedes each and every member, It neither returns to ancient holism nor post-modern extreme liberalism and individualism, but points to the direction of progress of modern republicanism.