目的　探讨腹膜后神经源性肿瘤的诊断与治疗方法。方法　回顾性分析 61例腹膜后神经源性肿瘤患者的诊治方法。结果　 2 1例以腹痛、2 0例以腹部包块、14例以下肢疼痛麻木就诊、6例无临床症状。所有患者均行B超、CT检查 ,均发现腹膜后占位。全部病例均行手术治疗 ,病理诊断良性 40例 ,恶性 2 1例 ,包括神经鞘瘤 2 4例 ,神经纤维瘤 16例 ,恶性神经鞘瘤 19例 ,神经纤维肉瘤 2例。结论　B超、CT、MRI对定位诊断有决定意义 ,但术前定性确诊困难 ,手术是唯一有效的治疗方法。术前需做好肠道准备并充足备血 ,术中注意保护受累及神经的完整性。防止肿瘤残留及处理好椎间孔部位是预防肿瘤复发的关键 Objective To investigate the diagnosis and treatment of retroperitoneal neurogenic tumors. Methods The diagnosis and treatment of 61 cases of retroperitoneal neurogenic tumors were retrospectively analyzed. Results Twenty-one cases had abdominal pain, 20 cases had abdominal mass, and 14 cases were treated with numbness of lower extremities. Six cases had no clinical symptoms. All patients underwent B ultrasound, CT examination, were found retroperitoneal space. Surgical treatment was performed in all the cases. The pathological diagnosis was benign in 40 cases and malignant in 21 cases, including 24 cases of schwannoma, 16 cases of neurofibroma, 19 cases of malignant schwannoma and 2 cases of neurofibrosarcoma. Conclusion Ultrasound, CT and MRI have a decisive significance for the diagnosis of the location, but the diagnosis of preoperative qualitative difficulties, surgery is the only effective treatment. Preoperative bowel preparation and adequate blood preparation, surgery to protect the involvement and nerve integrity. To prevent tumor residues and the treatment of foraminal sites is the key to preventing recurrence of tumors