建筑围护结构内的热湿耦合传递是一个非常复杂的过程,其研究是降低建筑能耗、评估和预防湿害、提高室内热舒适性、室内卫生及优化围护结构性能的基础。新建节能建筑墙体具有初始含湿量大的特点,若墙体湿积累过大,则容易出现墙体表面剥蚀、渗漏、发霉甚至结构出现损坏的现象。墙体干燥时,传热传质过程同时发生且相互耦合。目前相关热物性仿真软件、理论研究和设计规范主要建立在热传递的基础上,忽略了湿传递的影响,对新建建筑墙体干燥不适用。WUFI~? Pro热湿仿真软件充分考虑了材料本身含湿量、风驱雨、太阳辐射、长波辐射、毛细传输和夏季结露等典型气候的影响,实现了对自然气候条件下建筑构件非稳态热湿性能的真实计算。节能墙体多在外墙添加内外保温层来增加围护结构的传热热阻,且在保温层内外两侧分别添加隔汽层和空气层的措施来防止保温层受潮,最终提高围护结构的保温性能。为墙体美观,多在围护结构的内外两侧分别黏贴墙纸和釉面砖。采用WUFI~? Pro对北京地区2种典型的建筑墙体进行热湿耦合传递模拟,分析新建建筑墙体在不同保温层材料和位置时的干燥过程,以及保温层两侧的隔汽层和空气层、墙体两侧的墙纸和釉面砖对墙体干燥过程的影响。模拟用室外条件为北京典型气象年小时室外气象参数,室内条件设定室内冬季供暖温度T_1=20℃,夏季室内温度设计值T_2=25℃,全年平均相对湿度为50%。模拟外围护结构属于西向,墙体温湿度初始条件为:相对湿度为100%,温度为15℃。模拟结果表明:内保温层的设置非常不利于围护结构的干燥,容易在内保温层和砌块之形成湿积累,降低围护结构的耐久性;EPS、PU和XPS都能降低围护结构含湿量,但EPS更有利于墙体干燥;隔汽层和空气层的添加可一定程度上阻止保温层受潮,避免造成湿积累,进而提高围护结构的保温性能;釉面砖和墙纸的黏贴将严重延缓围护结构的干燥过程,降低围护结构的保温性能,缩减建筑构件的使用寿命。 Heat and moisture transfer in building envelope is a very complicated process. Its research is the basis for reducing building energy consumption, evaluating and preventing wet damage, improving indoor thermal comfort, indoor hygiene and optimizing the performance of envelope. New energy-saving building wall has the characteristics of large initial moisture content, if the wall wet accumulation is too large, then prone to wall surface erosion, leakage, moldy or even damage to the structure of the phenomenon. When the wall is dry, heat and mass transfer occur simultaneously and couple with each other. At present related thermophysical simulation software, theoretical research and design specifications are mainly based on the heat transfer, ignoring the impact of wet transfer, the new building wall is not suitable for drying. WUFI ~? Pro thermal simulation software takes full account of the material itself moisture content, wind and rain, solar radiation, longwave radiation, capillary transport and summer dew and other typical climate effects, to achieve the natural weather conditions instability of building components True heat and humidity performance of the real calculation. Energy-saving walls and more in the outer wall to add inside and outside the insulation layer to increase the heat transfer enclosure thermal resistance, and on both sides of the insulation layer were added on both sides of the air layer and air measures to prevent moisture insulation layer, and ultimately improve the envelope Insulation performance. For the beautiful walls, and more in the envelope on both sides of internal and external wall stickers and glazed tiles. WUFI ~? Pro is used to simulate the heat and moisture coupling of two kinds of typical building wall in Beijing, and to analyze the drying process of the new building wall in different insulation materials and locations, as well as the vapor barrier and air on both sides of the insulation layer The effect of the wall, the wallpaper on both sides of the wall and the glazed tile on the wall drying process. The simulated outdoor conditions are the outdoor meteorological parameters of typical meteorological years in Beijing. The interior heating conditions are T 1 = 20 ℃ in winter and T 2 = 25 ℃ in summer. The average annual relative humidity is 50%. The simulated external envelope belongs to the west direction. The initial condition of the wall temperature and humidity is: the relative humidity is 100% and the temperature is 15 ℃. The simulation results show that the setting of the inner insulation layer is not conducive to the drying of the envelope and it is easy to form wet accumulation in the inner insulation layer and the blocks and reduce the durability of the envelope. EPS, PU and XPS can reduce the envelope structure Moisture content, but EPS is more conducive to the dry wall; the addition of vapor and air layer to a certain extent, to prevent moisture insulation to avoid wet accumulation, thereby enhancing the insulation performance of the envelope; The paste will seriously delay the drying process of the envelope and reduce the thermal insulation performance of the envelope and reduce the service life of the building components.