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许多文献报告,在明确的膀胱癌中,在明显正常的膀胱粘膜处有原位癌和非典型增生(Dysplasia)的蔓延。有人指出过原位癌对膀胱癌予后的意义。但原位癌和非典型增生是发生在膀胱癌的临床表现之前还是伴随发生,并不清楚。膀胱癌的诊断应包括肿瘤的形状,级、期及粘膜受侵犯等。膀胱镜检查中有时不易确认原位癌和非典型增生的粘膜损害及原位癌和非典型增生的定位。过去曾用膀胱粘膜多次随机活检的方法来解决这一难题。作者用阶段切片(Step-Sectioning)观察膀胱切除标本,了解粘膜侵犯和癌肿形状、级、期间的相互关系。这具有指导治疗和预后的价值。作者分析了118例肉眼可见的膀胱癌,不包括所谓单纯原位癌、腺癌和鳞状上皮细胞癌。病人年龄31～78岁(平均59.4),男女比为93∶25(3.7∶1),
Many reports report the presence of carcinoma in situ and the spread of atypical hyperplasia (Dysplasia) in well-defined bladder mucosa in definitive bladder cancer. It has been pointed out that in situ carcinoma of bladder cancer after the significance. However, it is unclear whether in situ and atypical hyperplasia occur before or during the clinical manifestations of bladder cancer. Diagnosis of bladder cancer should include the shape of the tumor, grade, stage and mucosal invasion. Cystoscopy is sometimes not easy to confirm in situ carcinoma and atypical hyperplasia of mucosal damage and in situ carcinoma and atypical hyperplasia localization. In the past have used multiple bladder biopsy biopsy method to solve this problem. The authors use the step-sectioning (Step-Sectioning) observation of cystectomy specimens to understand the relationship between mucosal invasion and cancer shape, grade, period. This has the value of guiding treatment and prognosis. The authors analyzed 118 cases of macroscopic bladder cancer, excluding the so-called simple carcinoma in situ, adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma. Patients aged 31 to 78 years (mean 59.4), male to female ratio was 93:25 (3.7: 1),