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为探讨矿山废弃地不同植被恢复模式对土壤理化性质的影响,以福建紫金山金尾矿废弃地为研究对象,对6种不同植被恢复模式土壤理化性质及重金属含量进行调查研究,并与未被破坏的自然植被群落和植被恢复前的裸尾矿进行比较分析。结果表明:(1)植被恢复能有效改良土壤理化性质,降低重金属含量,不同植被恢复模式土壤性质特征存在差异。与裸尾矿相比,植被恢复后土壤容重最大降幅为9.85%,孔隙度和持水量大幅度提升,有机质含量提高了12.23~27.74倍,养分含量明显增加,土壤重金属含量明显降低;(2)土壤理化性质之间具有明显相关性,其中毛管孔隙度对土壤物理因子具有明显的指示作用,有机质和速效钾对土壤养分的指示作用更为显著;(3)主成分分析表明,马尾松—枫香—本地河滩模式对尾矿土壤理化性质综合改良效果最好,植被恢复效果较好,其次为马尾松—邓恩桉—本地河滩草模式,马尾松—樟树—胡枝子—本地河滩草和马尾松—胡枝子—本地河滩草模式对尾矿土壤综合改良效果不明显,但立地条件均优于裸尾矿。
In order to explore the impact of different vegetation restoration patterns on the physical and chemical properties of the soil in abandoned mines, the paper studied the soil physical and chemical properties and heavy metal contents of 6 different vegetation restoration patterns in the wasteland of gold tailings in Zijin Mountain, Fujian Province. Destroyed the natural vegetation communities and vegetation before the naked tailings for comparative analysis. The results showed that: (1) Vegetation restoration can effectively improve soil physical and chemical properties, reduce heavy metal content, and differences in soil properties under different vegetation restoration patterns. Compared with the bare tailings, the maximum weight loss of soil after vegetation restoration was 9.85%, the porosity and water holding capacity increased greatly, the content of organic matter increased by 12.23-27.74 times, the nutrient content increased obviously, and the content of heavy metals in soil decreased obviously. (2) Soil physical and chemical properties were significantly correlated with each other, of which capillary porosity had a significant indicator of soil physical factors and organic matter and available potassium were more significant indicators of soil nutrients; (3) Principal component analysis showed that Pinus massoniana - Maple The results showed that the Xiangtan-local riverbank model had the best effect on the comprehensive improvement of tailings soil physical and chemical properties, and the vegetation restoration effect was better, followed by Masson pine-Dun Eucalyptus-local riverbank grass pattern, masson pine-camphor-Lespedeza-local riverbank grass and Masson- Lespedeza bicolor - local riverbank grass mode has no obvious effect on the comprehensive improvement of tailings soil, but the site conditions are better than the bare tailings.