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为给宁夏引黄灌区春小麦节水栽培提供理论依据,以6个春小麦品种(宁春4号、宁春50号、宁春47号、宁春39号、H2038和H2127)为材料,研究了二棱水(W1)、二棱水+拔节水(W2)和二棱水+拔节水+开花水(W3)3种灌水条件下春小麦产量形成及水分利用效率的差异。结果表明,灌水较少条件(W1、W2)下,宁春50号、宁春4号、H2038籽粒产量的主要物质来源于开花前营养器官贮藏同化物在花后的转运,而H2127、宁春47号、宁春39号则主要来源于开花后光合产物积累;增加灌水(W2、W3处理)有利于各春小麦品种开花前营养器官贮藏同化物向籽粒的转运,促进花后光合产物累积。增加灌水可明显增加H2038、宁春4号叶绿素含量,而后期适度灌水(W3处理)能增加宁春50号、宁春39号叶绿素含量;6个品种中,宁春47号、H2127受灌水影响较大。在生育中后期缺水条件(W1处理)下,宁春50号、宁春47号、H2127能保持较高叶面积系数;H2038、宁春4号叶面积系数随着生育后期灌水次数的增加而升高。在不同灌水条件下,籽粒产量与水分利用效率的变异系数为W1>W3>W2;同一灌水条件下H2038、宁春4号、宁春50号、宁春39号的籽粒产量、水分利用效率、灌水利用效率、抗旱指数均显著高于宁春47号和H2127,收获指数亦较高。综合考虑籽粒产量、水分利用效率、灌水利用效率,H2038、宁春4号、宁春50号、宁春39号是高产、高水分利用效率及节水品种,二棱水+拔节水是春小麦获得高产和高水分利用效率的最佳灌水模式。
In order to provide a theoretical basis for water-saving cultivation of spring wheat in Yellow River Irrigation Area of Ningxia, six spring wheat cultivars (Ningchun 4, Ningchun 50, Ningchun 47, Ningchun 39, H2038 and H2127) The differences of spring wheat yield formation and water use efficiency under the condition of three kinds of watering conditions, namely, Prismatic water (W1), Dike water + Water for jointing (W2) and two-rowed water + Jointing water + Flowering water (W3) The results showed that the main material of grain yield of Ningchun 50, Ningchun 4 and H2038 under the condition of low irrigation (W1, W2) was the translocation of postharvest storage organs of the vegetative organs before flowering, while H2127, 47 and Ningchun 39 mainly came from the accumulation of photosynthetic products after flowering. Increasing irrigation (W2 and W3 treatments) was beneficial to the transport of storage organs of vegetative organs before storage to the grain and the accumulation of photosynthate after anthesis. Increasing irrigation could significantly increase chlorophyll content of H2038 and Ningchun 4, while moderate irrigation (W3 treatment) could increase the chlorophyll content of Ningchun 50 and Ningchun 39; in 6 varieties, Ningxia 47 and H2127 were affected by irrigation Larger. Under the condition of water deficit (W1 treatment), Ningchun 50 and Ningchun 47 and H2127 could maintain higher LAI. The leaf area coefficient of H2038 and Ningchun 4 increased with the increase of irrigation times Rise. Under different irrigation conditions, the coefficient of variation of grain yield and water use efficiency was W1> W3> W2. The grain yield, water use efficiency, grain yield and water use efficiency of H2038, Ningchun 4, Ningchun 50 and Ningchun 39 were the same under the same irrigation conditions, Irrigation efficiency, drought index were significantly higher than Ningchun 47 and H2127, harvest index is also higher. Considering grain yield, water use efficiency and water use efficiency, H2038, Ningchun 4, Ningchun 50 and Ningchun 39 were high yield and high water use efficiency and water-saving varieties. The best irrigation pattern for high yield and high water use efficiency.