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著名经济学家、中国社科院数量经济与技术经济研究所教授李京文认为,当前国民经济存在四大结构扭曲:第一是产出结构与就业结构的扭曲。1997年,我国第一、二、三产业之间的产出比为18.7:49.2:32.1,而就业比为49.9:23.7:26.4。第一产业的就业占整体的比重比产出占整体的比重高30多个百分点;这是相当大的扭曲。在收入上的表现,农村居民收入增长慢;在消费市场上,农村消费市场处于低迷状态。没有就业和吸入作支撑,农村市场是很难启运的。
Li Jingwen, a famous economist and professor of the Institute of Quantitative and Technical Economics at the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, believes that there are four major structural distortions in the national economy. The first is the distortion of the output structure and employment structure. In 1997, the output ratio between the primary, secondary and tertiary industries in China was 18.7: 49.2: 32.1, while the employment ratio was 49.9: 23.7: 26.4. Employment in the primary industry accounts for more than 30 percentage points of the overall employment as a percentage of output; this is a considerable distortion. In terms of income, the income growth of rural residents is slow; in the consumer market, the rural consumer market is in a downturn. Without employment and inhalation for support, the rural market is difficult to set off.