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由山东农业大学创制的矮孟牛是重要的冬小麦遗传资源。为了揭示矮孟牛种质第一部分同源群染色体的遗传差异,本研究利用分子标记和基因组原位杂交方法,对矮孟牛I型至VII型7个姊妹系的遗传差异进行了鉴定。PCR结果显示,矮孟牛II型、IV至VII型中含有1RS和1BL,不含1BS和1RL;I型和III型中含有正常的1B染色体。基因组原位杂交结果证明,在矮孟牛II型、IV型-VII型中1RS取代了1BS,而在矮孟牛I型和III型中含有正常的小麦染色体组。利用138个多态性标记分析了7个类型第一部分同源群的遗传差异,其中3个标记检测到矮孟牛V型的特异片段,即位于1A染色体的标记Xwmc336和Xmag1884及位于1B染色体的Xgwm124,分别源于牛朱特和矮丰3号。本研究结果揭示了矮孟牛7个类型第一部分同源群的遗传差异,为深入研究和利用该种质资源奠定了基础。
The Ammonian cattle created by Shandong Agricultural University are important winter wheat genetic resources. In order to reveal the genetic differences of the first homologous group of Aegilian germplasms, the genetic differences of seven sister lines of Aegilops brevis I to VII were identified by using molecular markers and in situ hybridization. PCR results showed that Ames and IIBL contained IV type VII and IVBL, respectively, excluding 1BS and 1RL; type I and III contained a normal 1B chromosome. Genomic in situ hybridization results showed that 1RS was substituted for 1BS in the Aegilops type II and IV-VII, whereas the normal wheat genome was contained in the Aegilops type I and III. 138 polymorphic markers were used to analyze the genetic diversity of the first part of the seven genotypes. Among them, three markers detected the V segment of Ammunitavirus, namely the Xwmc336 and Xmag1884 on chromosome 1A and the one on chromosome 1B Xgwm124, derived from Niu Zhu Te and Aifeng 3, respectively. The results of this study revealed the genetic differences of the first part of the seven types of Aegilops alba, which laid the foundation for further study and utilization of the germplasm resources.