目的观察和研究放射工作人员外周血淋巴细胞微核和染色体畸变情况,探讨不同性别、不同工种、工龄与染色体畸变之间的关系。方法用常规方法检测300名放射工作人员的外周血淋巴细胞染色体畸变和微核情况并分析。结果 300名放射工作人员染色体平均畸变率、检出率分别为0.042%和3.68%;平均微核率、检出率分别为0.0437%和24.62%;染色体畸变率和微核率都明显高于对照组,差异有显著性意义。不同工龄段无统计学差异,不同工种之间无统计学差异;其畸变率随工龄增高明显,结论放射工作人员染色体畸变率和微核率高于正常人群,应加强对放射工作人员的辐射防护工作。 Objective To observe and study the micronucleus and chromosome aberrations of peripheral blood lymphocytes in radiation workers and to explore the relationship between different genders, different types of work, length of service and chromosome aberrations. Methods Chromosome aberrations and micronuclei in peripheral blood lymphocytes of 300 radiographers were detected by routine methods and analyzed. Results The average chromosome aberration rate of 300 radiographers was 0.042% and 3.68%, respectively. The average rates of micronuclei were 0.0437% and 24.62% respectively. The chromosome aberration rate and micronucleus rate were significantly higher than those of control Group, the difference was significant. There was no significant difference in different service ages and no significant difference among different types of work. The distortion rate increased significantly with the length of service. Conclusion The chromosome aberration rate and micronucleus rate in radiation workers were higher than those in normal people. Radiation protection of radiation workers should be strengthened jobs.