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在前一个时期,锅炉、化工压力容器和管道曾发生多次脆性破坏。近20年来,对焊接钢结构脆性破坏的防止普遍受到重视,目前对厚壁压力容器、管道和球形容器等脆性破坏防止进行了广泛的试验研究。最近发展的断裂力学为防止压力容器和管道破坏提供了一个定量的估算方法。文中叙述了断裂力学基础、压力容器和管道破坏应力计算、缺陷评定、容器疲劳寿命的估计、断裂力学在高温蠕变中的应用、钢的断裂韧性和材料选择以及锅炉汽包的应用实例等内容,可供设计和材料工作者参考。
In the previous period, many brittle failures occurred in boilers, chemical pressure vessels and pipelines. In the recent 20 years, the prevention of brittle failure of welded steel structures has been widely recognized. At present, extensive experimental studies on the prevention of brittle failure such as thick-walled pressure vessels, pipes and spherical vessels are carried out. The recent development of fracture mechanics provides a quantitative estimation method for preventing pressure vessel and pipeline damage. This paper describes the basic mechanics of fracture mechanics, the calculation of stress and damage of pressure vessels and pipelines, the assessment of defects, the assessment of container fatigue life, the application of fracture mechanics in high temperature creep, the fracture toughness of steel and material selection, and the application examples of boiler drums , For design and material workers for reference.